esd

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See also: ESD and Esd.

Hungarian

Etymology

From the es- stem of esik (“to fall”) +‎ -d (frequentative verb-forming suffix).[1][2]

Pronunciation

Verb

esd

  1. (literary, intransitive, rarely transitive) to implore, to entreat, to plead, to beseech, to beg (someone -tól/-től, for something -ért or accusative)
    Synonyms: könyörög, rimánkodik, esdekel, esedezik, eseng

Conjugation

The transitive usage being rare, its definite forms are rare too.

conjugation of esd
Click for archaic forms 1st person sg 2nd person sg
informal 		3rd person sg,
2nd p. sg formal 		1st person pl 2nd person pl
informal 		3rd person pl,
2nd p. pl formal


Indica­tive
mood 		Pre­sent Indef. esdek esdesz esd esdünk esdetek esdenek
Def. esdem esded esdi esdjük esditek esdik
2nd-p. o. esdelek ―
Past Indef. esdettem esdettél esdett esdettünk esdettetek esdettek
Def. esdettem esdetted esdette esdettük esdettétek esdették
2nd-p. o. esdettelek ―
Future Future is expressed with a present-tense verb with a completion-marking prefix and/or a time adverb, or—more explicitly—with the infinitive plus the conjugated auxiliary verb fog, e.g. esdeni fog.
Archaic
Preterit 		Indef. esdék esdél esde esdénk esdétek esdének
Def. esdém esdéd esdé esdénk esdétek esdék
2nd-p. o. esdélek ―
Archaic Past Two additional past tenses: the present and the (current) past forms followed by vala (volt), e.g. esd vala, esdett vala/volt.
Archaic
Future 		Indef. esdendek esdendesz esdend esdendünk esdendetek esdendenek
Def. esdendem esdended esdendi esdendjük esdenditek esdendik
2nd-p. o. esdendelek ―
Condi­tional
mood 		Pre­sent Indef. esdenék esdenél esdene esdenénk esdenétek esdenének
Def. esdeném esdenéd esdené esdenénk
(or esdenők) 		esdenétek esdenék
2nd-p. o. esdenélek ―
Past Indicative past forms followed by volna, e.g. esdett volna
Sub­junc­tive
mood 		Pre­sent Indef. esdjek esdj or
esdjél 		esdjen esdjünk esdjetek esdjenek
Def. esdjem esdd or
esdjed 		esdje esdjük esdjétek esdjék
2nd-p. o. esdjelek ―
(Archaic) Past Indicative past forms followed by légyen, e.g. esdett légyen
Infinitive esdeni esdenem esdened esdenie esdenünk esdenetek esdeniük
Other
forms 		Verbal noun Present part. Past part. Future part. Adverbial participle Causative
esdés esdő esdett esdendő esdve (esdvén)
The archaic passive conjugation had the same -(t)at/-(t)et suffix as the causative, followed by -ik in the 3rd-person singular
(and the concomitant changes in conditional and subjunctive mostly in the 1st- and 3rd-person singular like with other traditional -ik verbs).
potential conjugation of esd
Click for archaic forms 1st person sg 2nd person sg
informal 		3rd person sg,
2nd p. sg formal 		1st person pl 2nd person pl
informal 		3rd person pl,
2nd p. pl formal
Indica­tive
mood 		Pre­sent Indef. esdhetek esdhetsz esdhet esdhetünk esdhettek esdhetnek
Def. esdhetem esdheted esdheti esdhetjük esdhetitek esdhetik
2nd-p. o. esdhetlek ―
Past Indef. esdhettem esdhettél esdhetett esdhettünk esdhettetek esdhettek
Def. esdhettem esdhetted esdhette esdhettük esdhettétek esdhették
2nd-p. o. esdhettelek ―
Archaic
Preterit 		Indef. esdheték esdhetél esdhete esdheténk esdhetétek esdhetének
Def. esdhetém esdhetéd esdheté esdheténk esdhetétek esdheték
2nd-p. o. esdhetélek ―
Archaic Past Two additional past tenses: the present and the (current) past forms followed by vala, e.g. esdhet vala, esdhetett vala/volt.
Archaic
Future 		Indef. esdhetendek
or esdandhatok 		esdhetendesz
or esdandhatsz 		esdhetend
or esdandhat 		esdhetendünk
or esdandhatunk 		esdhetendetek
or esdandhattok 		esdhetendenek
or esdandhatnak
Def. esdhetendem
or esdandhatom 		esdhetended
or esdandhatod 		esdhetendi
or esdandhatja 		esdhetendjük
or esdandhatjuk 		esdhetenditek
or esdandhatjátok 		esdhetendik
or esdandhatják
2nd-p. o. esdhetendelek
or esdandhatlak 		―
Condi­tional
mood 		Pre­sent Indef. esdhetnék esdhetnél esdhetne esdhetnénk esdhetnétek esdhetnének
Def. esdhetném esdhetnéd esdhetné esdhetnénk
(or esdhetnők) 		esdhetnétek esdhetnék
2nd-p. o. esdhetnélek ―
Past Indicative past forms followed by volna, e.g. esdhetett volna
Sub­junc­tive
mood 		Pre­sent Indef. esdhessek esdhess or
esdhessél 		esdhessen esdhessünk esdhessetek esdhessenek
Def. esdhessem esdhesd or
esdhessed 		esdhesse esdhessük esdhessétek esdhessék
2nd-p. o. esdhesselek ―
(Archaic) Past Indicative past forms followed by légyen, e.g. esdhetett légyen
Inf. (esdhetni) (esdhetnem) (esdhetned) (esdhetnie) (esdhetnünk) (esdhetnetek) (esdhetniük)
Positive adjective esdhető Neg. adj. esdhetetlen Adv. part. (esdhetve / esdhetvén)

or

conjugation of esd
Click for archaic forms 1st person sg 2nd person sg
informal 		3rd person sg,
2nd p. sg formal 		1st person pl 2nd person pl
informal 		3rd person pl,
2nd p. pl formal


Indica­tive
mood 		Pre­sent Indef. esdek esdesz esd esdünk esdetek or
esdtek 		esdenek
Def. esdem esded esdi esdjük esditek esdik
2nd-p. o. esdelek ―
Past Indef. esdtem esdtél esdett esdtünk esdtetek esdtek
Def. esdtem esdted esdte esdtük esdtétek esdték
2nd-p. o. esdtelek ―
Future Future is expressed with a present-tense verb with a completion-marking prefix and/or a time adverb, or—more explicitly—with the infinitive plus the conjugated auxiliary verb fog, e.g. esdeni fog.
Archaic
Preterit 		Indef. esdék esdél esde esdénk esdétek esdének
Def. esdém esdéd esdé esdénk esdétek esdék
2nd-p. o. esdélek ―
Archaic Past Two additional past tenses: the present and the (current) past forms followed by vala (volt), e.g. esd vala, esdett vala/volt.
Archaic
Future 		Indef. esdendek esdendesz esdend esdendünk esdendetek esdendenek
Def. esdendem esdended esdendi esdendjük esdenditek esdendik
2nd-p. o. esdendelek ―
Condi­tional
mood 		Pre­sent Indef. esdenék esdenél esdene esdenénk esdenétek esdenének
Def. esdeném esdenéd esdené esdenénk
(or esdenők) 		esdenétek esdenék
2nd-p. o. esdenélek ―
Past Indicative past forms followed by volna, e.g. esdett volna
Sub­junc­tive
mood 		Pre­sent Indef. esdjek esdj or
esdjél 		esdjen esdjünk esdjetek esdjenek
Def. esdjem esdd or
esdjed 		esdje esdjük esdjétek esdjék
2nd-p. o. esdjelek ―
(Archaic) Past Indicative past forms followed by légyen, e.g. esdett légyen
Infinitive esdeni esdenem esdened esdenie esdenünk esdenetek esdeniük
Other
forms 		Verbal noun Present part. Past part. Future part. Adverbial participle Causative
esdés esdő esdett esdendő esdve (esdvén)
The archaic passive conjugation had the same -(t)at/-(t)et suffix as the causative, followed by -ik in the 3rd-person singular
(and the concomitant changes in conditional and subjunctive mostly in the 1st- and 3rd-person singular like with other traditional -ik verbs).
potential conjugation of esd
Click for archaic forms 1st person sg 2nd person sg
informal 		3rd person sg,
2nd p. sg formal 		1st person pl 2nd person pl
informal 		3rd person pl,
2nd p. pl formal
Indica­tive
mood 		Pre­sent Indef. esdhetek esdhetsz esdhet esdhetünk esdhettek esdhetnek
Def. esdhetem esdheted esdheti esdhetjük esdhetitek esdhetik
2nd-p. o. esdhetlek ―
Past Indef. esdhettem esdhettél esdhetett esdhettünk esdhettetek esdhettek
Def. esdhettem esdhetted esdhette esdhettük esdhettétek esdhették
2nd-p. o. esdhettelek ―
Archaic
Preterit 		Indef. esdheték esdhetél esdhete esdheténk esdhetétek esdhetének
Def. esdhetém esdhetéd esdheté esdheténk esdhetétek esdheték
2nd-p. o. esdhetélek ―
Archaic Past Two additional past tenses: the present and the (current) past forms followed by vala, e.g. esdhet vala, esdhetett vala/volt.
Archaic
Future 		Indef. esdhetendek
or esdandhatok 		esdhetendesz
or esdandhatsz 		esdhetend
or esdandhat 		esdhetendünk
or esdandhatunk 		esdhetendetek
or esdandhattok 		esdhetendenek
or esdandhatnak
Def. esdhetendem
or esdandhatom 		esdhetended
or esdandhatod 		esdhetendi
or esdandhatja 		esdhetendjük
or esdandhatjuk 		esdhetenditek
or esdandhatjátok 		esdhetendik
or esdandhatják
2nd-p. o. esdhetendelek
or esdandhatlak 		―
Condi­tional
mood 		Pre­sent Indef. esdhetnék esdhetnél esdhetne esdhetnénk esdhetnétek esdhetnének
Def. esdhetném esdhetnéd esdhetné esdhetnénk
(or esdhetnők) 		esdhetnétek esdhetnék
2nd-p. o. esdhetnélek ―
Past Indicative past forms followed by volna, e.g. esdhetett volna
Sub­junc­tive
mood 		Pre­sent Indef. esdhessek esdhess or
esdhessél 		esdhessen esdhessünk esdhessetek esdhessenek
Def. esdhessem esdhesd or
esdhessed 		esdhesse esdhessük esdhessétek esdhessék
2nd-p. o. esdhesselek ―
(Archaic) Past Indicative past forms followed by légyen, e.g. esdhetett légyen
Inf. (esdhetni) (esdhetnem) (esdhetned) (esdhetnie) (esdhetnünk) (esdhetnetek) (esdhetniük)
Positive adjective esdhető Neg. adj. esdhetetlen Adv. part. (esdhetve / esdhetvén)

References

  1. ^ esd in Zaicz, Gábor (ed.). Etimológiai szótár: Magyar szavak és toldalékok eredete (‘Dictionary of Etymology: The origin of Hungarian words and affixes’). Budapest: Tinta Könyvkiadó, 2006, →ISBN.  (See also its 2nd edition.)
  2. ^ esd in Tótfalusi, István. Magyar etimológiai nagyszótár (’Hungarian Comprehensive Dictionary of Etymology’). Budapest: Arcanum Adatbázis, 2001; Arcanum DVD Könyvtár →ISBN

Further reading

  • esd in Bárczi, Géza and László Országh. A magyar nyelv értelmező szótára (“The Explanatory Dictionary of the Hungarian Language”, abbr.: ÉrtSz.). Budapest: Akadémiai Kiadó, 1959–1962. Fifth ed., 1992: →ISBN
  • esd in Nóra Ittzés, editor, A magyar nyelv nagyszótára [A Comprehensive Dictionary of the Hungarian Language] (Nszt.), Budapest: Akadémiai Kiadó, 2006–2031 (work in progress; published a–ez as of 2024).
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