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Galician
Etymology
Attested in 1500 (Juan Esmagado). Probably a derivative with the prefix es-, from Latin ex-, of maga (“guts of fish”), from Proto-Germanic *magô (“stomach”) and cognate of English maw. Alternatively, linked to a Vulgar Latin *exmagāre, from Gothic 𐌼𐌰𐌲𐌰𐌽 (magan) or Proto-Germanic *maganą, as with Portuguese esmagar. Cf. also Spanish amagar.
Pronunciation
Verb
esmagar (first-person singular present esmago, first-person singular preterite esmaguei, past participle esmagado)
- to crush, press
- Synonyms: machucar, pisar
- to squeeze
- Synonym: estrullar
- (figurative) to oppress (politically or economically)
- Synonyms: asoballar, oprimir
- 1812, Ramón Mariño Paz (ed.), Estudio fonético, ortográfico e morfolóxico de textos do prerrexurdimento galego (1805-1837). Santiago de Compostela: USC, page 168:
- todas esas gavelas con que nos esmagaban desde hai tanto tempo
- all those taxes with which they oppressed us since so long ago
Conjugation
Conjugation of esmagar (g-gu alternation)
|
|
Singular
|
Plural
|
First-person
(eu)
|
Second-person
(ti / tu)
|
Third-person
(ele / ela / você)
|
First-person
(nós)
|
Second-person
(vós)
|
Third-person
(eles / elas / vocês)
|
| Infinitive
|
| Impersonal
|
esmagar
|
| Personal
|
esmagar
|
esmagares
|
esmagar
|
esmagarmos
|
esmagardes
|
esmagarem
|
| Gerund
|
|
|
esmagando
|
| Past participle
|
| Masculine
|
esmagado
|
esmagados
|
| Feminine
|
esmagada
|
esmagadas
|
| Indicative
|
| Present
|
esmago
|
esmagas
|
esmaga
|
esmagamos
|
esmagades, esmagais
|
esmagam
|
| Imperfect
|
esmagava
|
esmagavas
|
esmagava
|
esmagávamos
|
esmagávades, esmagáveis, esmagávais1
|
esmagavam
|
| Preterite
|
esmaguei
|
esmagaste, esmagache1
|
esmagou
|
esmagamos
|
esmagastes
|
esmagárom, esmagaram
|
| Pluperfect
|
esmagara
|
esmagaras
|
esmagara
|
esmagáramos
|
esmagárades, esmagáreis, esmagárais1
|
esmagaram
|
| Future
|
esmagarei
|
esmagarás
|
esmagará
|
esmagaremos
|
esmagaredes, esmagareis
|
esmagarám, esmagarão
|
| Conditional
|
esmagaria
|
esmagarias
|
esmagaria
|
esmagaríamos
|
esmagaríades, esmagaríeis, esmagaríais1
|
esmagariam
|
| Subjunctive
|
| Present
|
esmague
|
esmagues
|
esmague
|
esmaguemos
|
esmaguedes, esmagueis
|
esmaguem
|
| Imperfect
|
esmagasse
|
esmagasses
|
esmagasse
|
esmagássemos
|
esmagássedes, esmagásseis
|
esmagassem
|
| Future
|
esmagar
|
esmagares
|
esmagar
|
esmagarmos
|
esmagardes
|
esmagarem
|
| Imperative
|
| Affirmative
|
|
esmaga
|
esmague
|
esmaguemos
|
esmagade, esmagai
|
esmaguem
|
| Negative (nom)
|
nom esmagues
|
nom esmague
|
nom esmaguemos
|
nom esmaguedes, nom esmagueis
|
nom esmaguem
|
Related terms
References
Portuguese
Etymology
Probably from Old Occitan esmaiar (compare also Old French esmaier), from Vulgar Latin *exmagāre (“to deprive (someone) of strength, to disable”), from Latin ex- + *magāre (“to enable, empower”), from Proto-Germanic *maginą, *maganą (“might, power”).
Compare Spanish amagar. Cognate with English dismay.
Pronunciation
Verb
esmagar (first-person singular present esmago, first-person singular preterite esmaguei, past participle esmagado)
- to crush (to overwhelm by pressure or weight)
Conjugation
1Brazilian Portuguese.
2European Portuguese.
Derived terms
Further reading