espantar

Catalan

Alternative forms

• espaventar

Etymology

From older espaventar, from Vulgar Latin *expaventāre, derived from the present active participle of Classical Latin expaveō. Compare Occitan, Spanish, and Portuguese espantar, Italian spaventare, French épouvanter.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): (Central, Balearic)
• IPA^(key): (Valencian)

Verb

espantar (first-person singular present espanto, first-person singular preterite espantí, past participle espantat)

1. to scare, frighten
2. to scare away, drive off

Conjugation

Derived terms

Further reading

• “espantar” in Diccionari de la llengua catalana, segona edició, Institut d’Estudis Catalans.
• “espantar”, in Gran Diccionari de la Llengua Catalana, Grup Enciclopèdia Catalana, 2024
• “espantar” in Diccionari normatiu valencià, Acadèmia Valenciana de la Llengua.
• “espantar” in Diccionari català-valencià-balear, Antoni Maria Alcover and Francesc de Borja Moll, 1962.

Galician

Etymology

From Old Galician-Portuguese espantar (13th century, Cantigas de Santa Maria), from Vulgar Latin *expaventāre, present active infinitive of *expaventō, derived from the present participle of Classical Latin expaveō. Compare Portuguese, Spanish, and Catalan espantar, Italian spaventare, French épouvanter.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /espanˈtaɾ/

Verb

espantar (first-person singular present espanto, first-person singular preterite espantei, past participle espantado)

1. (transitive) to frighten, to scare; to terrify
2. (takes a reflexive pronoun) to get frightened

   Synonyms: asustar, atemorizar

   • 1390, J. L. Pensado Tomé, editor, Os Miragres de Santiago, Madrid: C.S.I.C., page 117:

     aos soes das cãpaynas et ante a semelduẽ das carãtonas, que erã moy feas, espantarõse os caualos dos caualeiros de Calrros et começarõ de fogir cõ grã medo

     at the sound of the bells and because of the looks of the masks, which were very ugly, Charlemagne's knights' horses got frightened and began to flee with great fear

3. to chase off; to shoo; to drive away

   Synonyms: axotar, correr, escorrentar

Conjugation

Related terms

• espanto
• pavor

References

• “espantar” in Dicionario de Dicionarios do galego medieval, SLI - ILGA 2006–2022.
• “espant” in Xavier Varela Barreiro & Xavier Gómez Guinovart: Corpus Xelmírez - Corpus lingüístico da Galicia medieval. SLI / Grupo TALG / ILG, 2006–2018.
• “espantar” in Dicionario de Dicionarios da lingua galega, SLI - ILGA 2006–2013.
• “espantar” in Dicionario da Real Academia Galega, Royal Galician Academy.
• “espantar” in Tesouro informatizado da lingua galega. Santiago: ILG.
• “espantar” in Dicionário Estraviz de galego (2014).
• “espantar” in Álvarez, Rosario (coord.): Tesouro do léxico patrimonial galego e portugués, Santiago de Compostela: Instituto da Lingua Galega.

Ladino

Etymology

From Vulgar Latin *expaventāre, derived from the present participle of Classical Latin expaveō.

Verb

espantar (Latin spelling)

1. to scare

Derived terms

• espantarse

Occitan

Alternative forms

• espaventar

Etymology

From espaventar, from Old Occitan, from Vulgar Latin *expaventāre, present active infinitive of *expaventō, derived from the present participle of Classical Latin expaveō.

Pronunciation

• Audio

  (file)

Verb

espantar

1. to terrify

Conjugation

    Lengadocian (Central Occitan)

		simple			compound
infinitive		espantar			aver espantat
gerund		espantant			use gerund of aver + past participle
past participle		espantat			—
person		singular			plural
		first	second	third	first	second	third
indicative		ieu	tu	el	nosautres	vosautres	eles
	present	espanti	espantas	espanta	espantam	espantatz	espantan
	imperfect	espantavi	espantavas	espantava	espantàvem	espantàvetz	espantavan
	preterite	espantèri	espantères	espantèt	espantèrem	espantèretz	espantèron
	future	espantarai	espantaràs	espantarà	espantarem	espantaretz	espantaràn
	conditional	espantariái	espantariás	espantariá	espantariam	espantariatz	espantarián
	conditional 2nd form1	espantèra	espantèras	espantèra	espanteram	espanteratz	espantèran
compound tenses	present perfect	use the present tense of aver + past participle
	pluperfect	use the imperfect tense of aver + past participle
	past anterior	use the preterite tense of aver + past participle
	future perfect	use the future tense of aver + past participle
	conditional perfect	use the conditional tense of aver + past participle
subjunctive		que ieu	que tu	que el	que nosautres	que vosautres	que eles
	present	espante	espantes	espante	espantem	espantetz	espanten
	imperfect	espantèssi	espantèsses	espantèsse	espantèssem	espantèssetz	espantèsson
compound tenses	past	use the present subjunctive of aver + past participle
	pluperfect	use the imperfect subjunctive of aver + past participle
imperative		—	tu	—	nosautres	vosautres	—
			espanta		espantem	espantatz	1Now chiefly obsolete, still in use in some Limousin and Vivaro-Alpin dialects

    Auvernhàs

		simple			compound
infinitive		espantar			aver espantat
gerund		espantant			use gerund of aver + past participle
past participle		espantat			—
person		singular			plural
		first	second	third	first	second	third
indicative		ieu	tu	el	nosautres	vosautres	eles
	present	espante	espantes	espanta	espantam	espantatz	espanton
	imperfect	espantave	espantaves	espantava	espantaviam	espantaviatz	espantavon
	preterite	espantere	espanteres	espantet	espantem	espantetz	espanteron
	future	espantarai	espantaràs	espantará	espantarem	espantaretz	espantarán
	conditional	espantariá	espantariás	espantariá	espantariam	espantariatz	espantarián
	conditional 2nd form1	espantèra	espantèras	espantèra	espanteram	espanteratz	espantèran
compound tenses	present perfect	use the present tense of aver + past participle
	pluperfect	use the imperfect tense of aver + past participle
	past anterior	use the preterite tense of aver + past participle
	future perfect	use the future tense of aver + past participle
	conditional perfect	use the conditional tense of aver + past participle
subjunctive		que ieu	que tu	que el	que nosautres	que vosautres	que eles
	present	espante	espantes	espante	espantassiam	espantassiatz	espanton
	imperfect	espantesse	espantesses	espantesse	espantessiam	espantessiatz	espantesson
compound tenses	past	use the present subjunctive of aver + past participle
	pluperfect	use the imperfect subjunctive of aver + past participle
imperative		—	tu	—	nosautres	vosautres	—
			espanta		espantassiam	espantatz	1Now chiefly obsolete, still in use in some Limousin and Vivaro-Alpin dialects

    Gascon

		simple			compound
infinitive		espantar			aver espantat
gerund		espantant			use gerund of aver + past participle
past participle		espantat			—
person		singular			plural
		first	second	third	first	second	third
indicative		ieu	tu	el	nosautres	vosautres	eles
	present	espanti	espantas	espanta	espantam	espantatz	espantan
	imperfect	espantavi	espantavas	espantava	espantàvam	espantàvatz	espantavan
	preterite	espantèi	espantès	espantè	espantèm	espantètz	espantèn
	future	espantarèi	espantaràs	espantarà	espantaram	espantaratz	espantaràn
	conditional	espantarí	espantarés	espantaré	espantarem	espantaretz	espantarén
	conditional 2nd form1	espantèra	espantèras	espantèra	espanteram	espanteratz	espantèran
compound tenses	present perfect	use the present tense of aver + past participle
	pluperfect	use the imperfect tense of aver + past participle
	past anterior	use the preterite tense of aver + past participle
	future perfect	use the future tense of aver + past participle
	conditional perfect	use the conditional tense of aver + past participle
subjunctive		que ieu	que tu	que el	que nosautres	que vosautres	que eles
	present	espanti	espantes	espante	espantem	espantetz	espanten
	imperfect	espantèssi	espantèsses	espantèsse	espantèssem	espantèssetz	espantèssen
compound tenses	past	use the present subjunctive of aver + past participle
	pluperfect	use the imperfect subjunctive of aver + past participle
imperative		—	tu	—	nosautres	vosautres	—
			espanta		espantem	espantatz	1Now chiefly obsolete, still in use in some Limousin and Vivaro-Alpin dialects

    Lemosin

		simple			compound
infinitive		espantar			aver espantat
gerund		espantant			use gerund of aver + past participle
past participle		espantat			—
person		singular			plural
		first	second	third	first	second	third
indicative		ieu	tu	el	nosautres	vosautres	eles
	present	espante	espantas	espanta	espantam	espantatz	espantan
	imperfect	espantava	espantavas	espantava	espantàvam	espantàvatz	espantavan
	preterite	espantei	espanteras	espantet	espantèram	espantèratz	espanteran
	future	espantarai	espantaràs	espantará	espantarem	espantaretz	espantarán
	conditional	espantariá	espantariàs	espantariá	espantariam	espantariatz	espantarián
	conditional 2nd form1	espantèra	espantèras	espantèra	espanteram	espanteratz	espantèran
compound tenses	present perfect	use the present tense of aver + past participle
	pluperfect	use the imperfect tense of aver + past participle
	past anterior	use the preterite tense of aver + past participle
	future perfect	use the future tense of aver + past participle
	conditional perfect	use the conditional tense of aver + past participle
subjunctive		que ieu	que tu	que el	que nosautres	que vosautres	que eles
	present	espante	espantes	espante	espantem	espantetz	espanten
	imperfect	espantèsse	espantèsses	espantèsse	espantèssem	espantèssetz	espantèssen
compound tenses	past	use the present subjunctive of aver + past participle
	pluperfect	use the imperfect subjunctive of aver + past participle
imperative		—	tu	—	nosautres	vosautres	—
			espanta		espantem	espantatz	1Now chiefly obsolete, still in use in some Limousin and Vivaro-Alpin dialects

    Provençau

		simple			compound
infinitive		espantar			aver espantat
gerund		espantant			use gerund of aver + past participle
past participle		espantat			—
person		singular			plural
		first	second	third	first	second	third
indicative		ieu	tu	el	nosautres	vosautres	eles
	present	espante	espantes	espanta	espantam	espantatz	espantan
	imperfect	espantavi	espantavas	espantava	espantàvem	espantàvetz	espantavan
	preterite	espantère	espantères	espantèt	espanteriam	espanteriatz	espantèron
	future	espantarai	espantaràs	espantarà	espantarem	espantaretz	espantaràn
	conditional	espantariáu	espantariás	espantariá	espantariam	espantariatz	espantarián
	conditional 2nd form1	espantèra	espantèras	espantèra	espanteram	espanteratz	espantèran
compound tenses	present perfect	use the present tense of aver + past participle
	pluperfect	use the imperfect tense of aver + past participle
	past anterior	use the preterite tense of aver + past participle
	future perfect	use the future tense of aver + past participle
	conditional perfect	use the conditional tense of aver + past participle
subjunctive		que ieu	que tu	que el	que nosautres	que vosautres	que eles
	present	espante	espantes	espante	espantem	espantetz	espantan
	imperfect	espantèsse	espantèsses	espantèsse	espantessiam	espantessiatz	espantèsson
compound tenses	past	use the present subjunctive of aver + past participle
	pluperfect	use the imperfect subjunctive of aver + past participle
imperative		—	tu	—	nosautres	vosautres	—
			espanta		espantem	espantatz	1Now chiefly obsolete, still in use in some Limousin and Vivaro-Alpin dialects

Portuguese

Etymology

From Old Galician-Portuguese, from Vulgar Latin *expaventāre, derived from the present participle of Classical Latin expaveō. Compare Spanish and Catalan espantar, Italian spaventare, French épouvanter.

Pronunciation

Verb

espantar (first-person singular present espanto, first-person singular preterite espantei, past participle espantado)

1. to terrify, to frighten

   Synonyms: assustar, atemorizar

2. to chase off, to shoo

   Synonyms: afugentar, enxotar

3. (figuratively) to surprise, to astonish

   Synonyms: pasmar, maravilhar, surpreender

Conjugation

Spanish

Etymology

Inherited from Vulgar Latin *expaventāre, derived from the present participle of Classical Latin expaveō. Compare Portuguese and Catalan espantar, Italian spaventare, French épouvanter, also Romanian înspăimânta.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /espanˈtaɾ/
• Rhymes: -aɾ
• Syllabification: es‧pan‧tar

Verb

espantar (first-person singular present espanto, first-person singular preterite espanté, past participle espantado)

1. (transitive) to scare, to spook, to frighten

   Synonyms: asustar, atemorizar; see also Thesaurus:asustar

2. (transitive) to scare away, to scare off, to chase away, to drive away, to frighten away, to frighten off

Conjugation

Derived terms

Related terms

Descendants

• → Neapolitan: spantare

Further reading

• “espantar”, in Diccionario de la lengua española, Vigésima tercera edición, Real Academia Española, 2014