espoventer

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Middle French

Etymology

Old French espoenter, with the v added back to reflect the Latin etymon pavor (“fear”).

Verb

espoventer

  1. to scare

Conjugation

  • Middle French conjugation varies from one text to another. Hence, the following conjugation should be considered as typical, not as exhaustive.
Conjugation of espoventer
infinitive simple espoventer
compound avoir + past participle
present participle1 or gerund2 simple espoventant
compound present participle or gerund of avoir + past participle
past participle espoventé
singular plural
first second third first second third
indicative ie (i’) tu il, elle nous vous ilz, elles
(simple
tenses) 		present espovente espoventes espovente espoventons espoventez espoventent
imperfect espoventois, espoventoys espoventois, espoventoys espoventoit, espoventoyt espoventions, espoventyons espoventiez, espoventyez espoventoient, espoventoyent
past historic espoventa espoventas espoventa espoventasmes espoventastes espoventerent
future espoventerai, espoventeray espoventeras espoventera espoventerons espoventerez espoventeront
conditional espoventerois, espoventeroys espoventerois, espoventeroys espoventeroit, espoventeroyt espoventerions, espoventeryons espoventeriez, espoventeryez espoventeroient, espoventeroyent
(compound
tenses) 		present perfect present indicative of avoir + past participle
pluperfect imperfect indicative of avoir + past participle
past anterior past historic of avoir + past participle
future perfect future of avoir + past participle
conditional perfect conditional of avoir + past participle
subjunctive que ie (i’) que tu qu’il, qu’elle que nous que vous qu’ilz, qu’elles
(simple
tenses) 		present espovente espoventes espovente espoventons espoventez espoventent
imperfect espoventasse espoventasses espoventast espoventassions espoventassiez espoventassent
(compound
tenses) 		past present subjunctive of avoir + past participle
pluperfect imperfect subjunctive of avoir + past participle
imperative – tu – nous vous –
simple — espovente — espoventons espoventez —
compound — simple imperative of avoir + past participle — simple imperative of avoir + past participle simple imperative of avoir + past participle —
1 The present participle was variable in gender and number until the 17th century (Anne Sancier-Château , Une esthétique nouvelle: Honoré d'Urfé, correcteur de l'Astrée, p. 179). The French Academy would eventually declare it not to be declined in 1679.
2 The gerund was held to be invariable by grammarians of the early 17th century, and was usable with preposition en, as in Modern French, although the preposition was not mandatory (Anne Sancier-Château , op. cit., p. 180).

Descendants

  • French: épouvanter

References

  • espoventer on Dictionnaire du Moyen Français (1330–1500) (in French)
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