estremecer

Galician

Alternative forms

• estemorecer, estromecer

Etymology

From Old Galician-Portuguese estremecer (13th century, Alfonso X the Wise), from es- +‎ Latin tremēscō (“I begin to tremble, shake”), from tremō (“I shake, tremble”) + -ēscō.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): , (western)

Verb

estremecer (first-person singular present estremezo, first-person singular preterite estremecín, past participle estremecido)
estremecer (first-person singular present estremeço, first-person singular preterite estremecim or estremeci, past participle estremecido, reintegrationist norm)

1. (intransitive or takes a reflexive pronoun) to shake, tremble
   • 1370, Ramón Lorenzo, editor, Crónica troiana, A Coruña: Fundación Barrié, page 506:

     os caualos fazíã tã grã rroýdo per u ýam que a terra estremeçía so seus pees

     the horses made such a large uproar wherever they go that the ground trembled under their feet

   • 1885, V.P., Un conto:

     contestoulle ela, estemorecéndose como a folliña no álbore, cando a empuxa o nordés

     she said, trembling as the little leaf on the tree, when the north-easterly wind pushes it

2. (intransitive or takes a reflexive pronoun) to shiver

Conjugation

References

• “estremecer” in Dicionario de Dicionarios do galego medieval, SLI - ILGA 2006–2022.
• “estreme” in Xavier Varela Barreiro & Xavier Gómez Guinovart: Corpus Xelmírez - Corpus lingüístico da Galicia medieval. SLI / Grupo TALG / ILG, 2006–2018.
• “estremecer” in Dicionario de Dicionarios da lingua galega, SLI - ILGA 2006–2013.
• “estremecer” in Dicionario da Real Academia Galega, Royal Galician Academy.
• “estremecer” in Tesouro informatizado da lingua galega. Santiago: ILG.
• “estremecer” in Álvarez, Rosario (coord.): Tesouro do léxico patrimonial galego e portugués, Santiago de Compostela: Instituto da Lingua Galega.

Portuguese

Etymology

From es- +‎ Latin tremēscere (“to begin to tremble, to shake”), from tremō (“to shake, to tremble”) + -ēscō, from Proto-Indo-European *trem- (“tremble”).

Pronunciation

Verb

estremecer (first-person singular present estremeço, first-person singular preterite estremeci, past participle estremecido)

1. to cause to shake

   Synonyms: abalar, balançar, chacoalhar, sacudir

   O terramoto estremeceu o prédio.

   The earthquake shook the building.

2. to shake; to tremble

   Synonym: tremer

   O prédio estremeceu devido ao terramoto.

   The building shook due to the earthquake.

3. to shiver

   Estremeciamos no frio.

   We were shivering in the cold.

4. to terrify; to send shivers down someone's spine

   Synonyms: amedrontar, apavorar, aterrorizar

Conjugation

Spanish

Etymology

From ex- (“out of”) +‎ tremiscere (“to start shaking”), from Latin tremō, whence English tremble and tremor.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): (Spain) /estɾemeˈθeɾ/
• IPA^(key): (Latin America) /estɾemeˈseɾ/
• Rhymes: -eɾ
• Syllabification: es‧tre‧me‧cer

Verb

estremecer (first-person singular present estremezco, first-person singular preterite estremecí, past participle estremecido)

1. (transitive) to shake, make tremble, make shudder
2. (transitive) to thrill
3. (reflexive) to shudder, to flinch

Conjugation

Derived terms

• estremecedor
• estremecimiento
• estremezón (“shake; shiver, shivering”) (Colombia, Venezuela); ("tremor") (Andalusia, Caribbean)

Related terms

Further reading

• “estremecer”, in Diccionario de la lengua española, Vigésima tercera edición, Real Academia Española, 2014