ex-

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See also: ex, Ex, ex., and -ex

English

Alternative forms

Etymology

From Middle English, from words borrowed from Middle French; from Latin ex (out of, from), from Proto-Indo-European *eǵ-, *eǵs- (out), *eǵʰs. Cognate with Ancient Greek ἐξ (ex, out of, from), Transalpine Gaulish ex- (out), Old Irish ess- (out), Old Church Slavonic изъ (izŭ, out), Russian из (iz, from, out of).

Pronunciation

  • IPA(key): (hyphened always) /ɛks/
  • IPA(key): (unhyphened with primary or secondary stress) /ɛks/, (before a vowel) /ɛɡz/
  • IPA(key): (unhyphened unstressed) /ɪks/, (before a vowel) /ɪɡz/

Prefix

ex-

  1. out of
    borrowed from Latin: extract, expel, except, expression, exclusion
  2. outside
    ex-directory; borrowed from Latin: exterior
  3. former
    ex-husband, ex-president, ex-wife
    • 1969 December 7, “Full Frontal Nudity”, in Monty Python's Flying Circus, season 1, episode 8, spoken by Mr Praline (John Cleese), Dead Parrot sketch:
      This parrot is no more. It has ceased to be. It's expired and gone to see its maker. This is a late parrot. It's a stiff. Bereft of life, it rests in peace. If you hadn't nailed it to the perch it would be pushing up the daisies. It's run down the curtain and joined the choir invisible. This is an ex-parrot.
    • 2018 April 16, Stephen Collinson, “Trump now faces Comey’s moral assault”, in CNN:
      While he may not deserve to be branded a “slimeball,” as Trump did on Sunday, Comey does risk coming across as a disgruntled ex-employee and someone seeking vengeance for his dismissal. He has a highly developed sense of his own morality and sometimes comes across as holier than thou.
    • 2023 September 30, CSX8600, “September 2023 Update”, in Mesabrook Blog:
      A major event involves an ex-member of our build team. Due to a lack of legal protection on Mesabrook’s end, this member was able to make a legal request to have their builds and artwork removed from the Mesabrook project.
  4. (biology) Lacking, not possessing.

Usage notes

  • Sometimes the x in ex- is elided before certain constants, being reduced to e- (as, e.g., in ejaculate and egregious which are borrowed from Latin).
  • Words derived from ex- in the sense of former are usually formed with a hyphen. Using hyphen is recommended by GPO manual.

Synonyms

Antonyms

Derived terms

Derived words without entries:

  • ex-actor
  • ex-atheist
  • ex-athlete
  • ex-Beatle
  • ex-boss
  • ex-CEO
  • ex-CFO
  • ex-Christian
  • ex-colleague
  • ex-consul
  • ex-councillor
  • ex-Czar
  • ex-dictator
  • ex-director
  • ex-doctor
  • ex-drummer
  • ex-emperor
  • ex-employee
  • ex-fighter
  • ex-fighter pilot
  • ex-friend
  • ex-governor
  • ex-guitarist
  • ex-Hindu
  • ex-Jesuit
  • ex-Jew
  • ex-Jewish
  • ex-judge
  • ex-Kaiser
  • ex-lover
  • ex-manager
  • ex-mayor
  • ex-member
  • ex-minister
  • ex-Muslim
  • ex-official
  • ex-organ grinder
  • ex-piano player
  • ex-pilot
  • ex-policeman
  • ex-police officer
  • ex-praetor
  • ex-priest
  • ex-programmer
  • ex-scientist
  • ex-Scientologist
  • ex-senator
  • ex-sergeant
  • ex-soldier
  • ex-statistician
  • ex-student

Translations

See also

References

  1. ^ 6. Compounding Rules in U.S. Government Printing Office Style Manual, govinfo.gov

Further reading

Anagrams

Catalan

Etymology

Derived from Latin ex-.

Prefix

ex-

  1. ex-. Doublet of es-.

Derived terms

Further reading

Czech

Pronunciation

Prefix

ex-

  1. ex- (former)

Derived terms

Further reading

  • ex- in Slovník afixů užívaných v češtině, 2017

Dutch

Etymology

Borrowed from French ex-, from Latin ex-.

Pronunciation

  • IPA(key): /ɛks/
  • Audio:(file)

Prefix

ex-

  1. ex- (former, but still living)

Derived terms

Finnish

Etymology

< English ex-

Pronunciation

Prefix

ex-

  1. (informal) ex- (former)
    ex-aviomiesex-husband
    ex-pomoex-boss

Synonyms

French

Prefix

ex-

  1. ex- (former)
    ex- + ‎femme → ‎ex-femme

Derived terms

Further reading

German

Pronunciation

Prefix

ex-

  1. ex- (former)
  2. ex- (out)

Derived terms

Further reading

  • ex-” in Duden online

Hungarian

Pronunciation

Prefix

ex-

  1. ex- (former)

Derived terms

Further reading

  • ex- in Nóra Ittzés, editor, A magyar nyelv nagyszótára (Nszt.), Budapest: Akadémiai Kiadó, 2006–2031 (work in progress; published a–ez as of 2024).

Italian

Prefix

ex-

  1. ex-

Latin

Alternative forms

  • ē- (before b, d, g, j, l, m, n, r, or v)
  • ec-, ef- (before f)

Etymology

    The preposition ex, ē used in combination.

    Pronunciation

    Prefix

    ex-

    1. out, away
      ē- + ‎veniō → ‎ēveniō
      ex- + ‎clāmō (call, shout) → ‎exclāmō (call out, exclaim)
      ex- + ‎ (go) → ‎exeō (exit, depart)
    2. throughout
      ē- + ‎dormiō → ‎ēdormiō
      ē- + ‎pōtō (drink) → ‎ēpōtō (drink up)
    3. (intensive) thoroughly
      ē- + ‎dūrus → ‎ēdūrō
      ex- + ‎acuō → ‎exacuō
    4. denoting achievement
      ex- + ‎ōrō → ‎exōrō
      ex- + ‎pugnō (battle, fight, combat) → ‎expugnō (capture, conquer)
    5. up
      ex- + ‎aggerō → ‎exaggerō
      ex- + ‎struō (pile, arrange) → ‎exstruō (heap up, build up, construct)
    6. denoting privation
      ex- + ‎anima (air, breath, soul, life) → ‎exanimō (deprive of air, deprive of life)
      ex- + ‎sanguis (blood) → ‎exsanguis (deprived of blood, bloodless)

    Derived terms

    Descendants

    • French: é-
    • Italian: s-, es-
    • Old Occitan:
    • Polish: eks-, eks
    • Portuguese: es-, ex-
    • Sicilian: s- (before consonant), sc- (before vowel)
    • Spanish: es-

    References

    Middle English

    Alternative forms

    Etymology

    (This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

    Prefix

    ex-

    1. privation
      ef- + ‎flouren → ‎efflouren

    Derived terms

    Portuguese

    Etymology

    Borrowed from Latin ex.

    Pronunciation

     

    Prefix

    ex-

    1. ex- (former)

    Usage notes

    Always used with a hyphen.

    Derived terms

    Slovak

    Prefix

    ex-

    1. ex- (former)

    Derived terms

    Spanish

    Etymology

    From Latin ex.

    Prefix

    ex-

    1. ex- (former)

    Derived terms

    Further reading

    Swedish

    Prefix

    ex-

    1. ex-, former, past

    Derived terms

    References