ex-

• e-

From Middle English, from words borrowed from Middle French; from Latin ex (“out of, from”), from Proto-Indo-European *eǵ-, *eǵs- (“out”), *eǵʰs. Cognate with Ancient Greek ἐξ (ex, “out of, from”), Transalpine Gaulish ex- (“out”), Old Irish ess- (“out”), Old Church Slavonic изъ (izŭ, “out”), Russian из (iz, “from, out of”).

• IPA^(key): (hyphened always) /ɛks/
• IPA^(key): (unhyphened with primary or secondary stress) /ɛks/, (before a vowel) /ɛɡz/
• IPA^(key): (unhyphened unstressed) /ɪks/, (before a vowel) /ɪɡz/

ex-

2. out of

   borrowed from Latin: extract, expel, except, expression, exclusion

4. outside

   ex-directory; borrowed from Latin: exterior

6. former

   ex-husband, ex-president, ex-wife

   • 1969 December 7, “Full Frontal Nudity”, in Monty Python's Flying Circus‎, season 1, episode 8, spoken by Mr Praline (John Cleese), Dead Parrot sketch:

     This parrot is no more. It has ceased to be. It's expired and gone to see its maker. This is a late parrot. It's a stiff. Bereft of life, it rests in peace. If you hadn't nailed it to the perch it would be pushing up the daisies. It's run down the curtain and joined the choir invisible. This is an ex-parrot.

8. (biology) Lacking, not possessing.

   excaudate, exstipulate

• Sometimes the x in ex- is elided before certain constants, being reduced to e- (as, e.g., in ejaculate and egregious which are borrowed from Latin).
• Words derived from ex- in the sense of former are usually formed with a hyphen. Using hyphen is recommended by GPO manual.^[1]

• (outside): out-, exo-, ecto-
• (former): then-
• (lacking): an-, -less, -free

• (antonym(s) of “outside”): in-, intra-, en-/em-/im-, end-/endo-/ento-

Derived words without entries:

• e-
• ex
• extra-

• “ex-”, in OneLook Dictionary Search.
• “ex-”, in Merriam-Webster Online Dictionary, Springfield, Mass.: Merriam-Webster, 1996–present.
• “ex-”, in The American Heritage Dictionary of the English Language, 5th edition, Boston, Mass.: Houghton Mifflin Harcourt, 2016, →ISBN.
• “ex-”, in Collins English Dictionary.
• ex- in Britannica Dictionary
• John A. Simpson and Edmund S. C. Weiner, editors (1989), “ex-”, in The Oxford English Dictionary, 2nd edition, Oxford: Clarendon Press, →ISBN.
• John A. Simpson and Edmund S. C. Weiner, editors (1989), “ex-”, in The Oxford English Dictionary, 2nd edition, Oxford: Clarendon Press, →ISBN.

• XE, xe

ex-

1. ex- (former)

• ex- in Slovník afixů užívaných v češtině, 2017

Borrowed from French ex-, from Latin ex-.

• IPA^(key): /ɛks/

• Audio:

  (file)

ex-

1. ex- (former, but still living)

• ex

< English ex-

• IPA^(key): /ˈeks/,

ex-

1. (informal) ex- (former)

   ex-aviomies ― ex-husband

   ex-pomo ― ex-boss

• aiempi
• entinen

ex-

1. ex- (former)

   ‎ex- + ‎femme → ‎ex-femme

• “ex-”, in Trésor de la langue française informatisé , 2012.

• Audio:

  (file)

ex-

1. ex- (former)
2. ex- (out)

• “ex-” in Duden online

• IPA^(key):

ex-

1. ex- (former)

• ex- in Nóra Ittzés, editor, A magyar nyelv nagyszótára [A Comprehensive Dictionary of the Hungarian Language] (Nszt.), Budapest: Akadémiai Kiadó, 2006–2031 (work in progress; published a–ez as of 2024).

ex-

1. ex-

• ē- (before b, d, g, j, l, m, n, r, or v)
• ec-, ef- (before f)

The preposition ex, ē used in combination.

• (Classical Latin) IPA^(key): /eks/,
• (modern Italianate Ecclesiastical) IPA^(key): /eks/,

ex-

1. out, away

   ‎ē- + ‎veniō → ‎ēveniō

   ‎ex- + ‎clāmō (“call, shout”) → ‎exclāmō (“call out, exclaim”)

   ‎ex- + ‎eō (“go”) → ‎exeō (“exit, depart”)

2. throughout

   ‎ē- + ‎dormiō → ‎ēdormiō

   ‎ē- + ‎pōtō (“drink”) → ‎ēpōtō (“drink up”)

4. (intensive) thoroughly

   ‎ē- + ‎dūrus → ‎ēdūrō

   ‎ex- + ‎acuō → ‎exacuō

5. denoting achievement

   ‎ex- + ‎ōrō → ‎exōrō

   ‎ex- + ‎pugnō (“battle, fight, combat”) → ‎expugnō (“capture, conquer”)

6. up

   ‎ex- + ‎aggerō → ‎exaggerō

   ‎ex- + ‎struō (“pile, arrange”) → ‎exstruō (“heap up, build up, construct”)

7. denoting privation

   ‎ex- + ‎anima (“air, breath, soul, life”) → ‎exanimō (“deprive of air, deprive of life”)

   ‎ex- + ‎sanguis (“blood”) → ‎exsanguis (“deprived of blood, bloodless”)

• “ex-” on pages 629–630 of the Oxford Latin Dictionary (1st ed., 1968–82)

• ef- (before f)

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

ex-

1. privation

   ‎ef- + ‎flouren → ‎efflouren

Borrowed from Latin ex.

• Homophones: ex, -ês, Es (without /j/), eis (with /j/)

ex-

1. ex- (former)

Always used with a hyphen.

• ex

ex-

1. ex- (former)

From Latin ex.

ex-

1. ex- (former)

• “ex-”, in Diccionario de la lengua española [Dictionary of the Spanish Language] (in Spanish), online version 23.7, Royal Spanish Academy [Spanish: Real Academia Española], 2023 November 28

ex-

1. ex-, former, past

• ex

• ex- in Svensk ordbok (SO)
• ex- in Svenska Akademiens ordlista (SAOL)
• ex- in Svenska Akademiens ordbok (SAOB)