excutio

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Latin

Etymology

From ex- (“out of”) +‎ quatiō (“shake”).

Pronunciation

Verb

excutiō (present infinitive excutere, perfect active excussī, supine excussum); third conjugation iō-variant

  1. to shake out, shake off, elicit, knock out, drive out, cast off, strike off
  2. to throw from or off of a horse, chariot, ship, etc.
    • 29 BCE – 19 BCE, Virgil, Aeneid 1.115–116:
      excutitur prōnusque magister
      volvitur in caput .
      and prone , the helmsman was thrown , was tumbled headfirst .
      (During the storm at sea, Lycian helmsman Leucaspis suffers a dishonorable death without proper burial; he appears by name in Book 6, Line 334.)
  3. to discard, banish
  4. to examine, inspect

Conjugation

   Conjugation of excutiō (third conjugation iō-variant)
indicative singular plural
first second third first second third
active present excutiō excutis excutit excutimus excutitis excutiunt
imperfect excutiēbam excutiēbās excutiēbat excutiēbāmus excutiēbātis excutiēbant
future excutiam excutiēs excutiet excutiēmus excutiētis excutient
perfect excussī excussistī excussit excussimus excussistis excussērunt,
excussēre
pluperfect excusseram excusserās excusserat excusserāmus excusserātis excusserant
future perfect excusserō excusseris excusserit excusserimus excusseritis excusserint
sigmatic future1 excussō excussis excussit excussimus excussitis excussint
passive present excutior excuteris,
excutere 		excutitur excutimur excutiminī excutiuntur
imperfect excutiēbar excutiēbāris,
excutiēbāre 		excutiēbātur excutiēbāmur excutiēbāminī excutiēbantur
future excutiar excutiēris,
excutiēre 		excutiētur excutiēmur excutiēminī excutientur
perfect excussus + present active indicative of sum
pluperfect excussus + imperfect active indicative of sum
future perfect excussus + future active indicative of sum
subjunctive singular plural
first second third first second third
active present excutiam excutiās excutiat excutiāmus excutiātis excutiant
imperfect excuterem excuterēs excuteret excuterēmus excuterētis excuterent
perfect excusserim excusserīs excusserit excusserīmus excusserītis excusserint
pluperfect excussissem excussissēs excussisset excussissēmus excussissētis excussissent
sigmatic aorist1 excussim excussīs excussīt excussīmus excussītis excussint
passive present excutiar excutiāris,
excutiāre 		excutiātur excutiāmur excutiāminī excutiantur
imperfect excuterer excuterēris,
excuterēre 		excuterētur excuterēmur excuterēminī excuterentur
perfect excussus + present active subjunctive of sum
pluperfect excussus + imperfect active subjunctive of sum
imperative singular plural
first second third first second third
active present — excute — — excutite —
future — excutitō excutitō — excutitōte excutiuntō
passive present — excutere — — excutiminī —
future — excutitor excutitor — — excutiuntor
non-finite forms active passive
present perfect future present perfect future
infinitives excutere excussisse excussūrum esse excutī excussum esse excussum īrī
participles excutiēns — excussūrus — excussus excutiendus,
excutiundus
verbal nouns gerund supine
genitive dative accusative ablative accusative ablative
excutiendī excutiendō excutiendum excutiendō excussum excussū

1At least one use of the Old Latin "sigmatic future" and "sigmatic aorist" tenses is attested, which are used by Old Latin writers; most notably Plautus and Terence. The sigmatic future is generally ascribed a future or future perfect meaning, while the sigmatic aorist expresses a possible desire ("might want to").

Descendants

References

  • “excutio”, in Charlton T. Lewis and Charles Short (1879) A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press
  • “excutio”, in Charlton T. Lewis (1891) An Elementary Latin Dictionary, New York: Harper & Brothers
  • excutio in Gaffiot, Félix (1934) Dictionnaire illustré latin-français, Hachette.
  • Carl Meißner, Henry William Auden (1894) Latin Phrase-Book‎, London: Macmillan and Co.
    • to make a person laugh: risum elicere (more strongly excutere) alicui
    • to shake off the yoke of slavery: iugum servitutis excutere
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