exerceo

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Latin

Etymology

From ex- (“out of, from”) +‎ arceō (“enclose; ward off”).

Pronunciation

Verb

exerceō (present infinitive exercēre, perfect active exercuī, supine exercitum); second conjugation

  1. to keep busy, keep at work, drive on; occupy, practise, employ, exercise (something in a form of action)
    • 29 BCE – 19 BCE, Virgil, Aeneid 1.430–431:
      Quālis apēs aestāte novā per flōrea rūra
      exercet sub sōle labor .
      Just like honeybees , in early summer, through flowery meadows, keeps busy under the sun, toil .
    Synonyms: operor, labōrō, vertō, versō, iactō
  2. to harass, worry
  3. to oversee, superintend, operate
  4. to work (at)
    • 4th-century CE, Jerome of Stridon (St. Jerome), Vulgate, Proverbs 24:27:
      praeparā foris opus tuum et dīligenter exercē agrum tuum ut posteā aedificēs domum tuam
      Prepare thy work without, and diligently till thy ground: that afterward thou mayst build thy house.
      (trans. Douay-Rheims Bible)
  5. (reflexive or passive voice) to train, to exercise (e.g., for a race or sport)

Conjugation

   Conjugation of exerceō (second conjugation)
indicative singular plural
first second third first second third
active present exerceō exercēs exercet exercēmus exercētis exercent
imperfect exercēbam exercēbās exercēbat exercēbāmus exercēbātis exercēbant
future exercēbō exercēbis exercēbit exercēbimus exercēbitis exercēbunt
perfect exercuī exercuistī exercuit exercuimus exercuistis exercuērunt,
exercuēre
pluperfect exercueram exercuerās exercuerat exercuerāmus exercuerātis exercuerant
future perfect exercuerō exercueris exercuerit exercuerimus exercueritis exercuerint
passive present exerceor exercēris,
exercēre 		exercētur exercēmur exercēminī exercentur
imperfect exercēbar exercēbāris,
exercēbāre 		exercēbātur exercēbāmur exercēbāminī exercēbantur
future exercēbor exercēberis,
exercēbere 		exercēbitur exercēbimur exercēbiminī exercēbuntur
perfect exercitus + present active indicative of sum
pluperfect exercitus + imperfect active indicative of sum
future perfect exercitus + future active indicative of sum
subjunctive singular plural
first second third first second third
active present exerceam exerceās exerceat exerceāmus exerceātis exerceant
imperfect exercērem exercērēs exercēret exercērēmus exercērētis exercērent
perfect exercuerim exercuerīs exercuerit exercuerīmus exercuerītis exercuerint
pluperfect exercuissem exercuissēs exercuisset exercuissēmus exercuissētis exercuissent
passive present exercear exerceāris,
exerceāre 		exerceātur exerceāmur exerceāminī exerceantur
imperfect exercērer exercērēris,
exercērēre 		exercērētur exercērēmur exercērēminī exercērentur
perfect exercitus + present active subjunctive of sum
pluperfect exercitus + imperfect active subjunctive of sum
imperative singular plural
first second third first second third
active present — exercē — — exercēte —
future — exercētō exercētō — exercētōte exercentō
passive present — exercēre — — exercēminī —
future — exercētor exercētor — — exercentor
non-finite forms active passive
present perfect future present perfect future
infinitives exercēre exercuisse exercitūrum esse exercērī exercitum esse exercitum īrī
participles exercēns — exercitūrus — exercitus exercendus
verbal nouns gerund supine
genitive dative accusative ablative accusative ablative
exercendī exercendō exercendum exercendō exercitum exercitū

Derived terms

Related terms

Related terms

Descendants

  • English: exercise
  • French: exercer
  • Italian: esercire
  • Portuguese: exercer
  • Spanish: ejercer

References

  • “exerceo”, in Charlton T. Lewis and Charles Short (1879) A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press
  • “exerceo”, in Charlton T. Lewis (1891) An Elementary Latin Dictionary, New York: Harper & Brothers
  • exerceo in Gaffiot, Félix (1934) Dictionnaire illustré latin-français, Hachette.
  • Carl Meißner, Henry William Auden (1894) Latin Phrase-Book‎, London: Macmillan and Co.
    • to be severely tried by misfortune: multis iniquitatibus exerceri
    • to be at enmity with a man: inimicitias gerere, habere, exercere cum aliquo
    • to follow an artistic profession, practise an art: artem exercere
    • to exercise one's cruelty on some one: crudelitatem exercere in aliquo
    • to be a strict disciplinarian in one's household: severum imperium in suis exercere, tenere (De Sen. 11. 37)
    • to rear stock: rem pecuariam facere, exercere (cf. Varr R. R. 2. 1)
    • to collect the taxes: vectigalia exercere (vid. sect. V. 7, note The first...)
    • to administer justice; to judge (used of criminal cases before the praetor): iudicium exercere (vid. sect. V. 7, note The first...)
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