extraire

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French

Etymology

Changed, based on the Latin root, from the original Old French estraire, from Vulgar Latin *extragere, from Latin extrahere.

Pronunciation

  • IPA(key): /ɛk.stʁɛʁ/
  • Audio:(file)

Verb

extraire

  1. extract (to draw out)
  2. mine

Conjugation

This verb traditionally has no past historic or imperfect subjunctive. They would be formed on a -extray- root: *je extrayis, *que nous extrayissions etc. Forms using the 'a' endings of verbs in -er are now used when there is an unavoidable need to use these forms. The root -extrais- was used instead of -extray- in the 18th century, and remains in Swiss and Savoy dialects.

Conjugation of extraire (see also Appendix:French verbs)
infinitive simple extraire
compound avoir + past participle
present participle or gerund1 simple extrayant
/ɛk.stʁɛ.jɑ̃/ or /ɛk.stʁe.jɑ̃/
compound ayant + past participle
past participle extrait
/ɛk.stʁɛ/
singular plural
first second third first second third
indicative je (j’) tu il, elle, on nous vous ils, elles
(simple
tenses) 		present extrais
/ɛk.stʁɛ/ 		extrais
/ɛk.stʁɛ/ 		extrait
/ɛk.stʁɛ/ 		extrayons
/ɛk.stʁɛ.jɔ̃/ or /ɛk.stʁe.jɔ̃/ 		extrayez
/ɛk.stʁɛ.je/ or /ɛk.stʁe.je/ 		extraient
/ɛk.stʁɛ/
imperfect extrayais
/ɛk.stʁɛ.jɛ/ or /ɛk.stʁe.jɛ/ 		extrayais
/ɛk.stʁɛ.jɛ/ or /ɛk.stʁe.jɛ/ 		extrayait
/ɛk.stʁɛ.jɛ/ or /ɛk.stʁe.jɛ/ 		extrayions
/ɛk.stʁɛj.jɔ̃/ 		extrayiez
/ɛk.stʁɛj.je/ 		extrayaient
/ɛk.stʁɛ.jɛ/ or /ɛk.stʁe.jɛ/
past historic2 extrayai
/ɛk.stʁɛe/ 		extrayas
/ɛk.stʁɛa/ 		extraya
/ɛk.stʁɛa/ 		extrayâmes
/ɛk.stʁɛam/ 		extrayâtes
/ɛk.stʁɛat/ 		extrayèrent
/ɛk.stʁɛɛʁ/
future extrairai
/ɛk.stʁɛ.ʁe/ or /ɛk.stʁe.ʁe/ 		extrairas
/ɛk.stʁɛ.ʁa/ or /ɛk.stʁe.ʁa/ 		extraira
/ɛk.stʁɛ.ʁa/ or /ɛk.stʁe.ʁa/ 		extrairons
/ɛk.stʁɛ.ʁɔ̃/ or /ɛk.stʁe.ʁɔ̃/ 		extrairez
/ɛk.stʁɛ.ʁe/ or /ɛk.stʁe.ʁe/ 		extrairont
/ɛk.stʁɛ.ʁɔ̃/ or /ɛk.stʁe.ʁɔ̃/
conditional extrairais
/ɛk.stʁɛ.ʁɛ/ or /ɛk.stʁe.ʁɛ/ 		extrairais
/ɛk.stʁɛ.ʁɛ/ or /ɛk.stʁe.ʁɛ/ 		extrairait
/ɛk.stʁɛ.ʁɛ/ or /ɛk.stʁe.ʁɛ/ 		extrairions
/ɛk.stʁɛ.ʁjɔ̃/ or /ɛk.stʁe.ʁjɔ̃/ 		extrairiez
/ɛk.stʁɛ.ʁje/ or /ɛk.stʁe.ʁje/ 		extrairaient
/ɛk.stʁɛ.ʁɛ/ or /ɛk.stʁe.ʁɛ/
(compound
tenses) 		present perfect present indicative of avoir + past participle
pluperfect imperfect indicative of avoir + past participle
past anterior2 past historic of avoir + past participle
future perfect future of avoir + past participle
conditional perfect conditional of avoir + past participle
subjunctive que je (j’) que tu qu’il, qu’elle que nous que vous qu’ils, qu’elles
(simple
tenses) 		present extraie
/ɛk.stʁɛ/ 		extraies
/ɛk.stʁɛ/ 		extraie
/ɛk.stʁɛ/ 		extrayions
/ɛk.stʁɛj.jɔ̃/ 		extrayiez
/ɛk.stʁɛj.je/ 		extraient
/ɛk.stʁɛ/
imperfect2 extrayasse
/ɛk.stʁɛas/ 		extrayasses
/ɛk.stʁɛas/ 		extrayât
/ɛk.stʁɛa/ 		extrayassions
/ɛk.stʁɛa.sjɔ̃/ 		extrayassiez
/ɛk.stʁɛa.sje/ 		extrayassent
/ɛk.stʁɛas/
(compound
tenses) 		past present subjunctive of avoir + past participle
pluperfect2 imperfect subjunctive of avoir + past participle
imperative – tu – nous vous –
simple — extrais
/ɛk.stʁɛ/ 		— extrayons
/ɛk.stʁɛ.jɔ̃/ or /ɛk.stʁe.jɔ̃/ 		extrayez
/ɛk.stʁɛ.je/ or /ɛk.stʁe.je/ 		—
compound — simple imperative of avoir + past participle — simple imperative of avoir + past participle simple imperative of avoir + past participle —
1 The French gerund is usable only with the preposition en.
2 In less formal writing or speech, these tenses may be found to have been replaced in the following way:
  • past historic → present perfect
  • past anterior → pluperfect
  • imperfect subjunctive → present subjunctive
  • pluperfect subjunctive → past subjunctive

(Christopher Kendris , Master the Basics: French, pp. 77, 78, 79, 81).

Further reading

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