faini

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Swahili

Etymology

Borrowed from English fine.[1]

Pronunciation

  • Audio (Kenya):(file)

Noun

faini class IX (plural faini class X)

  1. a fine (a payment for breaking the law)

Verb

-faini (infinitive kufaini)

  1. to fine someone (to issue a fine as punishment)

Conjugation

Conjugation of -faini
Positive present -nafaini
Subjunctive -faini
Negative -faini
Imperative singular faini
Infinitives
Positive kufaini
Negative kutofaini
Imperatives
Singular faini
Plural fainini
Tensed forms
Habitual hufaini
Positive past positive subject concord + -lifaini
Negative past negative subject concord + -kufaini
Positive present (positive subject concord + -nafaini)
Singular Plural
1st person ninafaini/nafaini tunafaini
2nd person unafaini mnafaini
3rd person m-wa(I/II) anafaini wanafaini
other classes positive subject concord + -nafaini
Negative present (negative subject concord + -faini)
Singular Plural
1st person sifaini hatufaini
2nd person hufaini hamfaini
3rd person m-wa(I/II) hafaini hawafaini
other classes negative subject concord + -faini
Positive future positive subject concord + -tafaini
Negative future negative subject concord + -tafaini
Positive subjunctive (positive subject concord + -faini)
Singular Plural
1st person nifaini tufaini
2nd person ufaini mfaini
3rd person m-wa(I/II) afaini wafaini
other classes positive subject concord + -faini
Negative subjunctive positive subject concord + -sifaini
Positive present conditional positive subject concord + -ngefaini
Negative present conditional positive subject concord + -singefaini
Positive past conditional positive subject concord + -ngalifaini
Negative past conditional positive subject concord + -singalifaini
Gnomic (positive subject concord + -afaini)
Singular Plural
1st person nafaini twafaini
2nd person wafaini mwafaini
3rd person m-wa(I/II) afaini wafaini
m-mi(III/IV) wafaini yafaini
ji-ma(V/VI) lafaini yafaini
ki-vi(VII/VIII) chafaini vyafaini
n(IX/X) yafaini zafaini
u(XI) wafaini see n(X) or ma(VI) class
ku(XV/XVII) kwafaini
pa(XVI) pafaini
mu(XVIII) mwafaini
Perfect positive subject concord + -mefaini
"Already" positive subject concord + -meshafaini
"Not yet" negative subject concord + -jafaini
"If/When" positive subject concord + -kifaini
"If not" positive subject concord + -sipofaini
Consecutive kafaini / positive subject concord + -kafaini
Consecutive subjunctive positive subject concord + -kafaini
Object concord (indicative positive)
Singular Plural
1st person -nifaini -tufaini
2nd person -kufaini -wafaini/-kufainini/-wafainini
3rd person m-wa(I/II) -mfaini -wafaini
m-mi(III/IV) -ufaini -ifaini
ji-ma(V/VI) -lifaini -yafaini
ki-vi(VII/VIII) -kifaini -vifaini
n(IX/X) -ifaini -zifaini
u(XI) -ufaini see n(X) or ma(VI) class
ku(XV/XVII) -kufaini
pa(XVI) -pafaini
mu(XVIII) -mufaini
Reflexive -jifaini
Relative forms
General positive (positive subject concord + (object concord) + -faini- + relative marker)
Singular Plural
m-wa(I/II) -fainiye -fainio
m-mi(III/IV) -fainio -fainiyo
ji-ma(V/VI) -fainilo -fainiyo
ki-vi(VII/VIII) -fainicho -fainivyo
n(IX/X) -fainiyo -fainizo
u(XI) -fainio see n(X) or ma(VI) class
ku(XV/XVII) -fainiko
pa(XVI) -fainipo
mu(XVIII) -fainimo
Other forms (subject concord + tense marker + relative marker + (object concord) + -faini)
Singular Plural
m-wa(I/II) -yefaini -ofaini
m-mi(III/IV) -ofaini -yofaini
ji-ma(V/VI) -lofaini -yofaini
ki-vi(VII/VIII) -chofaini -vyofaini
n(IX/X) -yofaini -zofaini
u(XI) -ofaini see n(X) or ma(VI) class
ku(XV/XVII) -kofaini
pa(XVI) -pofaini
mu(XVIII) -mofaini
Some forms not commonly seen in modern Standard Swahili are absent from the table. See Appendix:Swahili verbs for more information.

References

  1. ^ Batibo, Herman M. (1994) “Does Kiswahili have diphthongs: interpreting foreign sounds in African languages”, in South African Journal of African Languages‎, volume 14, number 4, →DOI, page 181 of 180-186
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