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Middle Irish
Etymology
From Old Irish feraid, possibly from Proto-Indo-European *wer- (“to heed”).[1]
Verb
feraid (conjunct ·fera, verbal noun ferthain)
- to grant
- to supply, to provide
c. 1000, “The Tale of Mac Da Thó's Pig”, in Ernst Windisch, editor, Irische Texte, volume 1, published 1800, section 1:Ro·ferad failte friu uile, ocus ructha chuci-sium isin mbruidin.- They were all made welcome and brought to him in the hall.
- (literally, “A welcome was provided to them all…”)
Inflection
- Passive singular perfect deuterotonic: ro·ferad
Descendants
Mutation
| Middle Irish mutation
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| Radical |
Lenition |
Nasalization
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| feraid |
ḟeraid |
feraid
pronounced with /β(ʲ)-/
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Note: Some of these forms may be hypothetical. Not every
possible mutated form of every word actually occurs.
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References
Further reading
Old Irish
Etymology
From Proto-Celtic *werāti. Perhaps from a root Proto-Indo-European *wer- (“to turn”) related to *h₂werg-, *werp-, and *wert-. For the semantic development compare the development of Latin versō (“to turn”) to French verser (“to pour”).[1]
Pedersen instead connects it a different Proto-Indo-European *wer- (“to heed”), compare with German gewähren (“to grant, allow”).[2]
Pronunciation
Verb
feraid (conjunct ·fera)
- to grant
- Synonyms: do·indnaig, ernaid
- to supply, to provide
- ferais fáilte fris ― welcomed him (literally, “provided a welcome to him”)
- to pour, to shower, to shed (precipitation)
- Synonym: do·fortai
Inflection
Simple, class A I present, s preterite, a subjunctive
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1st sg.
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2nd sg.
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3rd sg.
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1st pl.
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2nd pl.
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3rd pl.
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Passive sg.
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Passive pl.
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| Present indicative
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Abs.
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ferid
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·ferai
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·fera
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·feram
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·ferat
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| Rel.
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| Imperfect indicative
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| Preterite
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Abs.
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fersai
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ferais
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| Conj.
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·fer
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| Rel.
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| Perfect
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Deut.
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ro·fer
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| Prot.
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·ruar
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| Future
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Abs.
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| Conditional
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| Present subjunctive
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Abs.
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| Conj.
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·roirea (ro-form)
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·roíret (ro-form)
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| Rel.
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| Past subjunctive
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·ferad
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| Imperative
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fer
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| Verbal noun
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| Past participle
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| Verbal of necessity
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Derived terms
- adbar (“matter, material”)
Descendants
Mutation
| Old Irish mutation
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| Radical |
Lenition |
Nasalization
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| feraid
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ḟeraid
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feraid
pronounced with /β(ʲ)-/
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Note: Some of these forms may be hypothetical. Not every
possible mutated form of every word actually occurs.
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References
- ^ Gordon, Randall Clark (2012) “fer-a- ‘shed, pour, give forth’”, in Derivational Morphology of the Early Irish Verbal Noun, Los Angeles: University of California, 4.2.2., page 434ff.
- ^ Pedersen, Holger (1913) Vergleichende Grammatik der keltischen Sprachen (in German), volume II, Göttingen: Vandenhoeck und Ruprecht, →ISBN, pages 517–18
Further reading