fog

English

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fog

Wikipedia

Pronunciation

• (UK) IPA^(key): /fɒɡ/
• (US) IPA^(key): /fɑɡ/, /fɔɡ/

• Audio (US)

  (file)

• Rhymes: -ɒɡ

Etymology 1

Origin uncertain; but probably of North Germanic origin. Probably either a back-formation from foggy (“covered with tall grass; thick, marshy”), from the earlier-attested fog (“tall grass”) (see below), or from or related to Danish fog (“spray, shower, drift, storm”), related to Icelandic fok (“spray, any light thing tossed by the wind, snowdrift”), Icelandic fjúka (“to blow, drive”), from Proto-Germanic *feukaną (“to whisk, blow”), from Proto-Indo-European *pug- (“billow, bulge, drift”), from *pew-, *pow- (“to blow, drift, billow”), in which case related to German fauchen (“to hiss, spit, spray”).

Noun

fog (countable and uncountable, plural fogs)

1. (uncountable) A thick cloud that forms near the ground; the obscurity of such a cloud.

   Synonyms: haze, mist

   a bank of fog

   • 1913, Mrs. [Marie] Belloc Lowndes, chapter I, in The Lodger, London: Methuen, →OCLC; republished in Novels of Mystery: The Lodger; The Story of Ivy; What Really Happened, New York, N.Y.: Longmans, Green and Co., , , →OCLC, page 0016:

     Thus the red damask curtains which now shut out the fog-laden, drizzling atmosphere of the Marylebone Road, had cost a mere song, and yet they might have been warranted to last another thirty years. A great bargain also had been the excellent Axminster carpet which covered the floor; […].

   • 2012 March 19, David Denby, “Everybody Comes to Rick’s: “Casablanca” on the Big Screen”, in The New Yorker‎:

     Wallis and Curtiz eventually agreed to shoot Howard Koch’s preferred ending, with distraught Ilse, still in love with Rick, going off with Laszlo to America, and Rick and Louis going off together into the fog. (In Morocco? Fog? Never mind.)

2. (uncountable) A mist or film clouding a surface.

   Synonym: steam

3. (figurative) A state of mind characterized by lethargy and confusion.

   Synonyms: daze, haze

   He did so many drugs, he was still in a fog three months after going through detox.

   • 1913, Joseph C[rosby] Lincoln, chapter IV, in Mr. Pratt’s Patients, New York, N.Y., London: D[aniel] Appleton and Company, →OCLC:

     I was on my way to the door, but all at once, through the fog in my head, I began to sight one reef that I hadn't paid any attention to afore.

4. (photography) A silver deposit or other blur on a negative or developed photographic image.
5. (computer graphics) Distance fog.

Usage notes

• To count the sense thick cloud, "bank of fog" is usually used.
• To count the sense clouding a surface, "foggy patch" is usually used.

Hypernyms

Derived terms

Translations

Verb

fog (third-person singular simple present fogs, present participle fogging, simple past and past participle fogged)

1. (intransitive) To become covered with or as if with fog.
2. (intransitive) To become obscured in condensation or water.

   Synonyms: become cloudy, become steamy

   The mirror fogged every time he showered.

3. (intransitive, photography) To become dim or obscure.
4. (transitive, photography) To make dim or obscure.
5. (transitive, photography) To spoil (film) via exposure to light other than in the normal process of taking a photograph.
6. (transitive) To cover with or as if with fog.
   • 1968, Eighth Annual Report, Metropolitan Corporation of Greater Winnipeg, page 7:

     Fogging for adult mosquito control began on June 4th in residential areas. Until September 25th, the Metro area was fogged eleven times, using nine truck-mounted foggers, eight hand swing foggers, and two boats.

7. (transitive) To disperse insecticide into (a forest canopy) so as to collect organisms.
8. (transitive) To obscure in condensation or water.
   • 2008, United States Congress, House Committee on Financial Services. Subcommittee on Housing and Community Opportunity - Foreclosure, Foreclosure Prevention and Intervention: The Importance of Loss Mitigation, page 46:

     Unfortunately, the pendulum has swung way too far to the other end where the saying in the industry is is that if you could fog a mirror, you could get a loan.

9. (transitive) To make confusing or obscure.

   Synonyms: blur, cloud, obscure

Derived terms

• fog up

Translations

Etymology 2

From Middle English fogge (“tall grass”), probably from Norwegian fogg (“tall, worthless grass”); compare Scots fog (“moss; lichen”).

Noun

fog (uncountable)

1. A new growth of grass appearing on a field that has been mowed or grazed.

   Synonyms: aftergrass, aftermath, eddish

   • 1800, John Lawrenece, The New Farmer's Calendar; Or, Monthly Remembrancer, for All Kinds of Country Business: Comprehending All the Material Improvements in the New Husbandry ... By a Farmer and Breeder ., page 114:

     The inclosures of fog, or aftergrass, reserved for spring-feed, are now supposed to be shut up, also the burnet, which is never to be fed in autumn ...

2. (UK, dialect) Tall and decaying grass left standing after the cutting or grazing season.

   Synonym: foggage

   • 1744, William Agric Ellis, The Modern Husbandman, page 104:

     […] and they generally leave a great deal of Fog to rot on the Ground, which, with the Help of his well turned Dung-hill, dress his Ground […]

3. (Scotland) Moss.

Derived terms

Translations

Verb

fog (third-person singular simple present fogs, present participle fogging, simple past and past participle fogged)

1. (transitive) To pasture cattle on the fog (of), or aftergrass, of; to eat off the fog from (a field).
2. (intransitive) To become covered with the kind of grass called fog.

Etymology 3

Compare Old Dutch focker.

Verb

fog (third-person singular simple present fogs, present participle fogging, simple past and past participle fogged)

1. (intransitive, obsolete) To practice in a small or mean way; to pettifog.
   • a. 1701 (date written), John Dryden, “The Counter Scuffle”, in The Miscellaneous Works of John Dryden, , volumes (please specify |volume=I to IV), London: J and R Tonson, , published 1760, →OCLC:

     Where wouldst thou fog to get a fee?

References

• “fog”, in The Century Dictionary , New York, N.Y.: The Century Co., 1911, →OCLC.
• “fog”, in Webster’s Revised Unabridged Dictionary, Springfield, Mass.: G. & C. Merriam, 1913, →OCLC.

Anagrams

• GFO, GoF

Hungarian

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key):

• Audio

  (file)

• Hyphenation: fog
• Rhymes: -oɡ

Etymology 1

From Proto-Ugric *puŋɜ- (“to grasp, to catch”). Cognates include Northern Mansi пувуӈкве (puwuňkwe).

Verb

fog

2. (transitive) to hold (to keep in one’s hands)
   • 1983, Mihály Padisák, chapter I, in Gyalog Juli‎:

     Valaki ült is mellette, fogta a kezét, de az arcát valahogy nem látta.

     Somebody was sitting next to her, held her hand, but somehow she couldn’t see his face.

3. (transitive) to take (to get into one’s hands)
   • 1885, Mór Jókai, chapter XXIII, in A lőcsei fehér asszony:

     Itt van, fogd ezt a levelet; és aztán olvasd el, mikor egyedül leszesz.

     Here, take this letter; read it when you’re alone.

4. (transitive) to catch, to capture (to seize by force, especially to grab or trap an animal)
   • 1969, “Történetek a ravasz nyulacskáról”, in Tekla Dömötör, editor, A mesemondó szikla‎:

     Mikor eljött az ebédidő, medve koma úgy látta, hogy elég halat fogott, s elhatározta, hogy hazamegy.

     When lunchtime came, uncle bear found that he had caught enough fish and decided to go home.

5. (transitive, broadcasting) to receive (to detect a signal from a transmitter)
   • 1996, István Kamarás, István Péter Németh, “Világverseny a berekben”, in Origósdi‎:

     Egyébként egészen jól lehetett fogni az adást.

     As a matter of fact, I received the broadcast quite clearly.

6. (transitive, by extension, slang) to listen to, to hear, to understand (to pay attention to someone)
   • 2007, Csilla Tóth, chapter 4, in Körbe ég‎:

     Fogod, amit mondok? Észnél vagy?

     Do you hear what I’m sayin’? Are you out of your mind?

7. (transitive, intransitive followed by rajta) to affect, to harm (to have an effect on, especially detrimentally)
   • 1971, Ervin Lázár, chapter 3, in A fehér tigris‎:

     Valaki azt is mondta, hogy le akarták lőni, de nem fogja a golyó.

     Someone even said that they had wanted to shoot it, but bullets wouldn’t harm it.

8. (intransitive) to write (of a pen or other writing instrument, to leave a mark)
   • 2009, Attila Salga, “A félresikerült randi”, in Mi lenne velem nélkülem?‎:

     Olyan furcsa volt, ahogyan felírta a rendelést: nem fogott a tolla, és elkezdte rázni.

     It was strange, the way she took the order: her pen wouldn’t write, and she started shaking it.

9. (intransitive) to transfer (of ink or dye, to leave a stain upon contact)
   • 1980, Károly Gombos, “Régi kaukázusi azerbajdzsán szőnyegek”, in Művészettörténeti Értesítő‎, volume 29, number 1:

     A rossz festékekkel megfestett újabb szőnyegeken a kék színek fognak, mosás közben kék színt eresztenek [...]

     In newer carpets dyed with poor dyes, the blue colors transfer, they bleed blue color when being washed

10. (transitive, ball games) to mark (to follow a player not in possession of the ball when defending)
    • 1960, György Cseuz, “Csak a Csepel Autó nyert”, in Pest Megyei Hírlap‎, volume 4, number 139:

      Csikós I nem fogta a balösszekötőt, az kiugrott és gólt lőtt.

      Csikós I didn’t mark the inside left, who sprang forward and scored a goal.

11. (auxiliary, with an infinitive, only in present indicative) will, going to (used to form the future tense)
    • 1924, Margarete Böhme, translated by Elza Pogány, Egy mozgalmas élet története‎:

      Most azonban jó lesz sietve hazamenni, mert mindjárt esni fog.

      But now we’d better go home quickly, because it’s going to rain soon.

12. (reflexively, as fogja magát, with definite conjugation) to up and (to do something abruptly or unexpectedly)
    • 2004, Csaba Fecske, “A rokonok”, in Csalapinta villanytörpék‎:

      Fogta magát és szó nélkül berohant a szobájába.

      He just up and ran off into his room without a word.

Conjugation

Derived terms

(With verbal prefixes):

Etymology 2

From Proto-Uralic *piŋe. Cognates include Northern Mansi пуӈк (puňk), Erzya пей (pej), Finnish pii.

Noun

fog (plural fogak)

2. (anatomy) tooth

   Ez a fog lyukas. ― This tooth has a cavity.

3. tooth, cog

   Egy átlagos hegyikerékpár hátsó fogaskerekein rendre 11, 13, 15, 18, 21, 24, 34 fog van.

   There are 11, 13, 15, 18, 21, 24 and 34 teeth on a standard mountain bike's rear sprockets.

4. tooth (a sharp projection on a saw or similar implement)

   A fűrész egyik foga hiányzik. ― One of the saw’s teeth is missing.

Declension

Derived terms

See also

• Category:Hungarian auxiliary verbs

References

Further reading

• (to hold, catch): fog in Bárczi, Géza and László Országh. A magyar nyelv értelmező szótára (‘The Explanatory Dictionary of the Hungarian Language’, abbr.: ÉrtSz.). Budapest: Akadémiai Kiadó, 1959–1962. Fifth ed., 1992: →ISBN
• (tooth, cog): fog in Bárczi, Géza and László Országh. A magyar nyelv értelmező szótára (‘The Explanatory Dictionary of the Hungarian Language’, abbr.: ÉrtSz.). Budapest: Akadémiai Kiadó, 1959–1962. Fifth ed., 1992: →ISBN

Portuguese

Pronunciation

• Hyphenation: fog

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Noun

fog m (plural fogs)

1. (clarification of this definition is needed) fog

Swedish

Noun

fog n (not commonly inflected)

1. Valid cause, valid reason.

   Har han fog för sina anklagelser?

   Are his accusations made on good grounds? / Is he justified in his accusations?

   Hon har fog för sin oro.

   She has reason to be worried.

2. (dated) Appropriate manner to proceed.

Derived terms

Noun

fog c

1. joint, seam

   Fogarna mellan kakelplattorna hade blivit missfärgade med åren.

   The joints between the glazed tiles had become discoloured with the years.

Declension

Derived terms

References

• fog in Svensk ordbok (SO)
• fog in Svenska Akademiens ordlista (SAOL)
• fog in Svenska Akademiens ordbok (SAOB)