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, but we will also tell you about its etymology, its characteristics and you will know how to say
in singular and plural. Everything you need to know about the word
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English
Pronunciation
Etymology 1
From Middle English foyle, from Middle French fueille, from Old French fueille (“plant leaf”), from Late Latin folia, the plural of folium, mistaken as a singular feminine.
The literary sense is from the practice of backing a gem with metal foil to make it shine more brilliantly.
Doublet of folio and folium, distantly also with phyllo and phyllon.
Noun
foil (countable and uncountable, plural foils)
- A very thin sheet of metal.
- (chiefly uncountable) Thin aluminium/aluminum (or, formerly, tin) used for wrapping food.
wrap the sandwich up in foil
- A thin layer of metal put between a jewel and its setting to make it seem more brilliant.
- (authorship, figuratively) In literature, theatre/theater, etc., a character who helps emphasize the traits of the main character and who usually acts as an opponent or antagonist, but can also serve as the sidekick of the protagonist.
2022 December 20, Leigh Monson, “Puss In Boots: The Last Wish review: Antonio Banderas leads the best film yet in the Shrek franchise”, in AV Club:As Puss comes to realize his legendary status is not a substitute for interpersonal connection, his interactions with Kitty and the therapy dog start to take on a surprising amount of weight, while Goldilocks serves as a well-realized foil who has more in common with Puss that is at first apparent.
- (figuratively) Anything that acts by contrast to emphasise the characteristics of something.
a. 1587, Philippe Sidnei [i.e., Philip Sidney], “(please specify the page number)”, in Fulke Greville, Matthew Gwinne, and John Florio, editors, The Countesse of Pembrokes Arcadia [The New Arcadia], London: for William Ponsonbie, published 1590, →OCLC; republished in Albert Feuillerat, editor, The Countesse of Pembrokes Arcadia (Cambridge English Classics: The Complete Works of Sir Philip Sidney; I), Cambridge, Cambridgeshire: University Press, 1912, →OCLC:As she a black silk cap on him begun / To set, for foil of his milk-white to serve.
- 1725-1726, William Broome, The Odyssey
- Hector has also a foil to set regard
- (fencing) A very thin sword with a blunted (or foiled) tip
1598–1599 (first performance), William Shakespeare, “Much Adoe about Nothing”, in Mr. William Shakespeares Comedies, Histories, & Tragedies (First Folio), London: Isaac Iaggard, and Ed Blount, published 1623, →OCLC, :Blunt as the fencer's foils, which hit, but hurt not.
- 1784-1810, William Mitford, History of Greece
- Socrates contended with a foil against Demosthenes with a sword.
- A thin, transparent plastic material on which marks are made and projected for the purposes of presentation. See transparency.
- A premium trading card with a glossy finish.
2016, Pojo's Unofficial Big Book of Pokémon, Triumph Books:I personally would collect all the foils from Base Set before this one, but the market is what the market is.
- (heraldry) A stylized flower or leaf.
- (hydrodynamics, nautical) Clipping of hydrofoil.
- (aerodynamics, aviation) Clipping of aerofoil/airfoil.
Synonyms
Derived terms
Translations
thin aluminium/aluminum or tin used for wrapping food
type of sword used in fencing
character who helps emphasise the traits of the main character
anything that acts to emphasise the characteristics of something
shortened form of aerofoil/airfoil
— see aerofoil
Verb
foil (third-person singular simple present foils, present participle foiling, simple past and past participle foiled)
- (transitive) To cover or wrap with foil.
- (nautical) Clipping of hydrofoil.
Etymology 2
From Middle English foilen (“spoil a scent trail by crossing it”), from Old French fouler (“tread on, trample”), ultimately from Latin fullō (“I trample, I full”).
Verb
foil (third-person singular simple present foils, present participle foiling, simple past and past participle foiled)
- To prevent (something) from being accomplished.
They foiled my plans.
- To prevent (someone) from accomplishing something.
I was foiled by my superior
1606, C[aius, i.e., Gaius] Suetonius Tranquillus, “The Historie of Flavius Vespatianus Augustus”, in Philemon Holland, transl., The Historie of Twelve Cæsars Emperours of Rome. , London: for Matthew Lownes, →OCLC, section 5, page 243:And at the field fought before Bebriacum, ere the battailes joyned, tvvo Ægles had a conflict and bickered together in all their fights: and vvhen the one of them was foyled and overcome, a third came at the very inſtant from the ſunne riſing and chaſed the Victreſſe avvay.
1697, Virgil, “The Seventh Book of the Æneis”, in John Dryden, transl., The Works of Virgil: Containing His Pastorals, Georgics, and Æneis. , London: Jacob Tonson, , →OCLC:And by mortal man at length am foil'd.
1812, Lord Byron, “Canto I”, in Childe Harold’s Pilgrimage. A Romaunt, London: Printed for John Murray, ; William Blackwood, Edinburgh; and John Cumming, Dublin; by Thomas Davison, , →OCLC, stanza LV:her long locks that foil the painter's power
2011 December 10, David Ornstein, “Arsenal 1 - 0 Everton”, in BBC Sport:First, former Toffee Mikel Arteta sent Walcott racing clear but instead of shooting he squared towards Ramsey, who was foiled by Tony Hibbert.
2017 August 20, “The Observer view on the attacks in Spain”, in The Observer:Many jihadist plots have been foiled and the security apparatus is getting better, overall, at pre-empting those who would do us ill. But, they say, the nature of the threat and the terrorists’ increasing use of low-tech, asymmetrical tactics such as hire vehicles and knives, make it all but impossible to stop every assault.
- To blunt; to dull; to spoil.
1711 August 11 (Gregorian calendar), [Joseph Addison], “TUESDAY, July 31, 1711”, in The Spectator, number (please specify the issue number); republished in Alexander Chalmers, editor, The Spectator; a New Edition, , volumes (please either specify the issue number or |volume=I to VI), New York, N.Y.: D[aniel] Appleton & Company, 1853, →OCLC:they foil the scent of one another.
- (obsolete) To tread underfoot; to trample.
1603, Richard Knolles, The Generall Historie of the Turkes:King Richard […] caused the ensigns of Leopold to be pulled down and foiled underfoot.
Synonyms
Translations
prevent from being accomplished
- Arabic: فَشَّلَ (faššala), أحبط (ahbata), أفشل (afshala)
- Armenian: խափանել (hy) (xapʻanel), առաջն առնել (hy) (aṙaǰn aṙnel)
- Chinese:
- Mandarin: 阻止 (zh) (zǔzhǐ)
- Danish: forhindre (da), forpurre
- Dutch: verijdelen (nl), afweren (nl), frustreren (nl)
- Esperanto: please add this translation if you can
- Finnish: estää (fi), pilata suunnitelma
- French: déjouer (fr)
- German: hintertreiben (de)
- Greek: ματαιώνω (el) (mataióno)
- Hebrew: מנע (he) (maná)
- Hungarian: meghiúsít (hu)
- Italian: sventare (it)
- Japanese: please add this translation if you can
- Korean: please add this translation if you can
- Macedonian: спре́чи (spréči)
- Maori: whakahēhē
- Polish: udaremniać (pl) impf, udaremnić (pl) pf
- Portuguese: frustrar (pt)
- Russian: предотвраща́ть (ru) impf (predotvraščátʹ), предотврати́ть (ru) pf (predotvratítʹ)
- Spanish: frustrar (es)
- Swedish: omintetgöra (sv), kullkasta (sv)
- Thai: ทำลาย (th) (tamlaai)
- Turkish: please add this translation if you can
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Noun
foil (plural foils)
- Failure when on the point of attainment; defeat; frustration; miscarriage.
- One of the incorrect answers presented in a multiple-choice test.
Etymology 3
From French foulis.
Noun
foil (plural foils)
- (hunting) The track of an animal.
1749, Henry Fielding, chapter IV, in The History of Tom Jones, a Foundling, volumes (please specify |volume=I to VI), London: A Millar, , →OCLC, book VII:[…] but after giving her a dodge, here's another b— follows me upon the foil.
Synonyms
- (track of an animal): spoor
Translations
Etymology 4
From mnemonic acronym FOIL (“First Outside Inside Last”).
Verb
foil (third-person singular simple present foils, present participle foiling, simple past and past participle foiled)
- (mathematics) To expand a product of two or more algebraic expressions, typically binomials.
Translations
to expand a product of two or more algebraic expressions, typically binomials
Etymology 5
See file.
Verb
foil (third-person singular simple present foils, present participle foiling, simple past and past participle foiled)
- (obsolete) To defile; to soil.
Etymology 6
Noun
foil (plural foils)
- (architecture) A small arc in the tracery of a window, etc.
Related terms
References
Douglas Harper (2001–2024) “foil”, in Online Etymology Dictionary.
Anagrams
Old French
Alternative forms
Etymology
From Latin folium. Compare fueille, from the plural of folium, folia.
Noun
foil oblique singular, m (oblique plural fouz or foilz, nominative singular fouz or foilz, nominative plural foil)
- leaf (green appendage of a plant which photosynthesizes)
Old Irish
Etymology
From Proto-Celtic *uɸolexs, from *uɸo- (“under”) + *leg- (“to lie”). Cognate with Welsh gwâl (“lair, pigsty”).
Noun
foil f (genitive folach)
- ring, bracelet
- c. 845, St Gall Glosses on Priscian, published in Thesaurus Palaeohibernicus (reprinted 1975, Dublin Institute for Advanced Studies), edited and with translations by Whitley Stokes and John Strachan, vol. II, pp. 49–224, Sg. 64a17
- foil ― glossing Latin armillam (“bracelet”)
- pigsty
Inflection
Derived terms
Descendants
Mutation
Old Irish mutation
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Radical |
Lenition |
Nasalization
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foil
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ḟoil
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foil pronounced with /v(ʲ)-/
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Note: Some of these forms may be hypothetical. Not every possible mutated form of every word actually occurs.
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References
Further reading
- G. Toner, M. Ní Mhaonaigh, S. Arbuthnot, D. Wodtko, M.-L. Theuerkauf, editors (2019), “1 fail, foil”, in eDIL: Electronic Dictionary of the Irish Language
- G. Toner, M. Ní Mhaonaigh, S. Arbuthnot, D. Wodtko, M.-L. Theuerkauf, editors (2019), “1 foil, fail”, in eDIL: Electronic Dictionary of the Irish Language