forger
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English
Etymology
From Middle English forger, forgere, from Old French forgiere; equivalent to forge + -er.
Pronunciation
- Rhymes: -ɔː(ɹ)dʒə(ɹ)
Noun
forger (plural forgers)
- A person who creates forgeries, falsifies documents with intent to defraud, e.g. to create a false will or illicit copies of currency; counterfeiter.
- A person who forges metals.
Related terms
Translations
person who creates forgeries, falsifies documents with intent to defraud; counterfeiter
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person who forges metals
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French
Etymology
Inherited from Old French forger, forgier, from Latin fabricāre. Doublet of fabriquer.
Pronunciation
Verb
forger
- to fashion metal with fire and a hammer, to forge
- to forge, falsify
- (figuratively) to create, to conceive, to make up
- to coin (a word or phrase)
- (equestrianism) to trot
Conjugation
This is a regular -er verb, but the stem is written forge- before endings that begin with -a- or -o- (to indicate that the -g- is a "soft" /ʒ/ and not a "hard" /ɡ/). This spelling-change occurs in all verbs in -ger, such as neiger and manger.
Conjugation of forger (see also Appendix:French verbs)
| infinitive | simple | forger | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| compound | avoir + past participle | ||||||
| present participle or gerund1 | simple | forgeant /fɔʁ.ʒɑ̃/ | |||||
| compound | ayant + past participle | ||||||
| past participle | forgé /fɔʁ.ʒe/ | ||||||
| singular | plural | ||||||
| first | second | third | first | second | third | ||
| indicative | je (j’) | tu | il, elle, on | nous | vous | ils, elles | |
| (simple tenses) |
present | forge /fɔʁʒ/ |
forges /fɔʁʒ/ |
forge /fɔʁʒ/ |
forgeons /fɔʁ.ʒɔ̃/ |
forgez /fɔʁ.ʒe/ |
forgent /fɔʁʒ/ |
| imperfect | forgeais /fɔʁ.ʒɛ/ |
forgeais /fɔʁ.ʒɛ/ |
forgeait /fɔʁ.ʒɛ/ |
forgions /fɔʁ.ʒjɔ̃/ |
forgiez /fɔʁ.ʒje/ |
forgeaient /fɔʁ.ʒɛ/ | |
| past historic2 | forgeai /fɔʁ.ʒe/ |
forgeas /fɔʁ.ʒa/ |
forgea /fɔʁ.ʒa/ |
forgeâmes /fɔʁ.ʒam/ |
forgeâtes /fɔʁ.ʒat/ |
forgèrent /fɔʁ.ʒɛʁ/ | |
| future | forgerai /fɔʁ.ʒə.ʁe/ |
forgeras /fɔʁ.ʒə.ʁa/ |
forgera /fɔʁ.ʒə.ʁa/ |
forgerons /fɔʁ.ʒə.ʁɔ̃/ |
forgerez /fɔʁ.ʒə.ʁe/ |
forgeront /fɔʁ.ʒə.ʁɔ̃/ | |
| conditional | forgerais /fɔʁ.ʒə.ʁɛ/ |
forgerais /fɔʁ.ʒə.ʁɛ/ |
forgerait /fɔʁ.ʒə.ʁɛ/ |
forgerions /fɔʁ.ʒə.ʁjɔ̃/ |
forgeriez /fɔʁ.ʒə.ʁje/ |
forgeraient /fɔʁ.ʒə.ʁɛ/ | |
| (compound tenses) |
present perfect | present indicative of avoir + past participle | |||||
| pluperfect | imperfect indicative of avoir + past participle | ||||||
| past anterior2 | past historic of avoir + past participle | ||||||
| future perfect | future of avoir + past participle | ||||||
| conditional perfect | conditional of avoir + past participle | ||||||
| subjunctive | que je (j’) | que tu | qu’il, qu’elle | que nous | que vous | qu’ils, qu’elles | |
| (simple tenses) |
present | forge /fɔʁʒ/ |
forges /fɔʁʒ/ |
forge /fɔʁʒ/ |
forgions /fɔʁ.ʒjɔ̃/ |
forgiez /fɔʁ.ʒje/ |
forgent /fɔʁʒ/ |
| imperfect2 | forgeasse /fɔʁ.ʒas/ |
forgeasses /fɔʁ.ʒas/ |
forgeât /fɔʁ.ʒa/ |
forgeassions /fɔʁ.ʒa.sjɔ̃/ |
forgeassiez /fɔʁ.ʒa.sje/ |
forgeassent /fɔʁ.ʒas/ | |
| (compound tenses) |
past | present subjunctive of avoir + past participle | |||||
| pluperfect2 | imperfect subjunctive of avoir + past participle | ||||||
| imperative | – | – | – | ||||
| simple | — | forge /fɔʁʒ/ |
— | forgeons /fɔʁ.ʒɔ̃/ |
forgez /fɔʁ.ʒe/ |
— | |
| compound | — | simple imperative of avoir + past participle | — | simple imperative of avoir + past participle | simple imperative of avoir + past participle | — | |
| 1 The French gerund is usable only with the preposition en. | |||||||
2 In less formal writing or speech, these tenses may be found to have been replaced in the following way:
(Christopher Kendris , Master the Basics: French, pp. 77, 78, 79, 81). | |||||||
Derived terms
Related terms
Further reading
- “forger”, in Trésor de la langue française informatisé , 2012.
Middle English
Alternative forms
Etymology
From Old French forgiere; equivalent to forgen + -er.
Pronunciation
Noun
forger (plural forgers)
Descendants
- English: forger
References
- “fō̆rǧer, -ēr, -eǒur, n.”, in MED Online, Ann Arbor, Mich.: University of Michigan, 2007.
Old French
Etymology
Verb
forger
- Alternative form of forgier
Conjugation
This verb conjugates as a first-group verb ending in -er. In the present tense an extra supporting e is needed in the first-person singular indicative and throughout the singular subjunctive, and the third-person singular subjunctive ending -t is lost. In addition, g becomes j before an a or an o to keep the /dʒ/ sound intact. Old French conjugation varies significantly by date and by region. The following conjugation should be treated as a guide.
Conjugation of forger (see also Appendix:Old French verbs)
| simple | compound | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| infinitive | forger | avoir forgé | |||||
| gerund | en forjant | gerund of avoir + past participle | |||||
| present participle | forjant | ||||||
| past participle | forgé | ||||||
| person | singular | plural | |||||
| first | second | third | first | second | third | ||
| indicative | jo | tu | il | nos | vos | il | |
| simple tenses |
present | forge | forges | forge | forjons | forgez | forgent |
| imperfect | forjoie, forgeie, forjoe, forgeve | forjoies, forgeies, forjoes, forgeves | forjoit, forgeit, forjot, forgeve | forgiiens, forgiens | forgiiez, forgiez | forjoient, forgeient, forjoent, forgevent | |
| preterite | forjai | forjas | forja | forjames | forjastes | forgerent | |
| future | forgerai | forgeras | forgera | forgerons | forgeroiz, forgereiz, forgerez | forgeront | |
| conditional | forgeroie, forgereie | forgeroies, forgereies | forgeroit, forgereit | forgeriiens, forgeriens | forgeriiez, forgeriez | forgeroient, forgereient | |
| compound tenses |
present perfect | present tense of avoir + past participle | |||||
| pluperfect | imperfect tense of avoir + past participle | ||||||
| past anterior | preterite tense of avoir + past participle | ||||||
| future perfect | future tense of avoir + past participle | ||||||
| conditional perfect | conditional tense of avoir + past participle | ||||||
| subjunctive | que jo | que tu | qu’il | que nos | que vos | qu’il | |
| simple tenses |
present | forge | forges | forge | forjons | forgez | forgent |
| imperfect | forjasse | forjasses | forjast | forgissons, forgissiens | forgissoiz, forgissez, forgissiez | forjassent | |
| compound tenses |
past | present subjunctive of avoir + past participle | |||||
| pluperfect | imperfect subjunctive of avoir + past participle | ||||||
| imperative | – | tu | – | nos | vos | – | |
| — | forge | — | forjons | forgez | — | ||