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former. In DICTIOUS you will not only get to know all the dictionary meanings for the word
former, but we will also tell you about its etymology, its characteristics and you will know how to say
former in singular and plural. Everything you need to know about the word
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English
Pronunciation
Etymology 1
Inherited from Middle English former, comparative of forme (“first”), from Old English forma (“first”), descended from Proto-Germanic *frumô. Parallel to prior (via Latin), as comparative form from same Proto-Indo-European root. Related to first and fore (thence before), from Proto-Germanic.
Adjective
former (comparative form only)
- Previous.
- Synonyms: erstwhile, sometime, whilom, wont-to-be; see also Thesaurus:former
- Antonyms: next; see also Thesaurus:subsequent
A former president
the former East Germany
1892, Walter Besant, chapter III, in The Ivory Gate , New York, N.Y.: Harper & Brothers, , →OCLC:At half-past nine on this Saturday evening, the parlour of the Salutation Inn, High Holborn, contained most of its customary visitors. […] In former days every tavern of repute kept such a room for its own select circle, a club, or society, of habitués, who met every evening, for a pipe and a cheerful glass.
2007, Junius P. Rodriguez, Encyclopedia of Emancipation and Abolition in the Transatlantic World:The former-slaves-turned-abolitionists Quobna Ottobah Cugoano and Olaudah Equiano were the chief organizers of the Sons of Africa.
- First of aforementioned two items. Used with the, often without a noun.
- Antonym: latter
The former is a good idea but the latter is not.
We have two cars, a red one and a blue one. We won the former on a game show.
Bananas are tastier than parsnips, but the latter’s nutritional value is higher than the former’s.
Alternative forms
Derived terms
Translations
previous
- Arabic: سَابِق (sābiq)
- Belarusian: былы́ (bylý), бы́ўшы (býŭšy)
- Bengali: সাবেক (bn) (śabek), প্রাক্তন (bn) (prakton), ভূতপূর্ব (bn) (bhutopurbo), পূর্বতন (bn) (purboton)
- Bulgarian: бивш (bg) (bivš), ми́нал (bg) (mínal), преди́шен (bg) (predíšen)
- Catalan: anterior (ca), previ
- Chinese:
- Mandarin: 前 (zh) (qián)
- Czech: bývalý (cs)
- Danish: tidligere (da), forhenværende
- Dutch: voormalig (nl), gewezen (nl)
- Esperanto: antaŭa
- Faroese: fyrrverandi
- Finnish: edeltävä (fi), edellinen (fi), entinen (fi)
- French: précédent (fr), ancien (fr)
- Galician: anterior (gl)
- Georgian: წინანდელი (c̣inandeli), უწინდელი (uc̣indeli)
- German: ehemalig (de), vorig (de), früher (de), vorherig (de), vormalig (de), alt (de)
- Greek: πρώην (el) (próin)
- Ancient: πρότερος (próteros)
- Higaonon: daan
- Hungarian: előző (hu), előbbi (hu), korábbi (hu), egykori (hu), hajdani (hu)
- Indonesian: mantan (id)
- Italian: precedente (it), anteriore (it), ex (it)
- Japanese: 前 (ja) (まえ, mae)
- Khmer: អតីត (km) (ʼaʼdət)
- Korean: 전의 (ko) (jeon-ui)
- Kurdish:
- Central Kurdish: پێشوو (pêşû), بەرتر (bertir)
- Latin: anterior, quondam
- Macedonian: претходен (prethoden), бивш (bivš)
- Malay: bekas (ms), mantan
- Maori: o mua
- Norwegian:
- Bokmål: forhenværende (no), tidligere (no)
- Nynorsk: førverande, tidlegare
- Occitan: anterior (oc)
- Pashto: پخوانی (ps) (pëxwânay)
- Persian: سابق (fa) (sâbeq), قدیم (fa) (qadim), اسبق (fa) (asbaq)
- Polish: były (pl)
- Portuguese: anterior (pt), ex- (pt)
- Russian: бы́вший (ru) (bývšij), пре́жний (ru) (préžnij), предыду́щий (ru) (predydúščij) (previous)
- Scots: umwhile
- Serbo-Croatian:
- Cyrillic: пре́тходан, би̑вшӣ
- Roman: préthodan (sh), bȋvšī (sh)
- Slovak: bývalý
- Slovene: prejšnji, bivši
- Spanish: anterior (es), antiguo (es)
- Swedish: före detta (sv), forna (sv), förra (sv)
- Tajik: пешина (pešina)
- Telugu: ముందరి (te) (mundari), మునుపటి (te) (munupaṭi)
- Thai: เก่า (th) (gào), ก่อน (th) (gɔ̀ɔn), อดีต (th) (à-dìit)
- Turkish: önce (tr), önceki (tr), eski (tr)
- Ukrainian: коли́шній (uk) (kolýšnij)
- Vietnamese: cũ (vi), xưa (vi), nguyên (vi) (when modifying a social or political position)
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first of aforementioned two items
- Belarusian: пе́ршы (be) (pjéršy)
- Bulgarian: преди́шен (bg) (predíšen), пръв (bg) (prǎv)
- Chinese:
- Mandarin: 前者 (zh) (qiánzhě)
- Dutch: deze (nl), eerstgenoemde (nl)
- Finnish: ensimmäinen (fi)
- French: premier (fr), celui-là (fr)
- German: ersterer (de) m, erstere (de) f, ersteres (de) n
- Hungarian: előbbi (hu)
- Indonesian: terdahulu (id)
- Italian: primo (it) m
- Japanese: 前者 (ja) (ぜんしゃ, zensha)
- Korean: 전자(前者) (ko) (jeonja)
- Norwegian:
- Bokmål: førstnevnt
- Persian: اولی (fa) (avvali)
- Polish: pierwszy (pl) (z dwóch)
- Portuguese: primeiro (pt), aquele (pt) m
- Russian: пе́рвый (ru) (pérvyj)
- Slovene: prvi (sl)
- Spanish: primero (es) m, primera (es) f, aquello (es), aquella (es)
- Swedish: föregående (sv)
- Thai: ก่อนหน้า
- Turkish: ilk (tr)
- Ukrainian: пе́рший (uk) (péršyj)
- Vietnamese: trước (vi)
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See also
Etymology 2
Inherited from Middle English formere. By surface analysis, form + -er.
Noun
former (plural formers)
- Someone who forms something; a maker; a creator or founder.
- Dave was the former of the company.
- An object used to form something, such as a template, gauge, or cutting die.
- The brick arch was built using a wooden former.
- (chiefly British, used in combinations) Someone in, or of, a certain form (class).
- Fifth-former.
- Sixth-former.
Derived terms
Anagrams
Danish
Etymology 1
Pronunciation
IPA(key):
Noun
former c
- indefinite plural of form
Etymology 2
Pronunciation
IPA(key):
Verb
former
- present of forme
Etymology 3
Pronunciation
IPA(key):
Verb
former or formér
- imperative of formere
French
Etymology
Inherited from Old French, borrowed from Latin fōrmāre (“to form”).
Pronunciation
Verb
former
- to form (generic sense)
- to shape (to make into a certain shape)
- to train; to educate
Conjugation
infinitive
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simple
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former
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compound
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avoir + past participle
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present participle or gerund1
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simple
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formant /fɔʁ.mɑ̃/
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compound
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ayant + past participle
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past participle
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formé /fɔʁ.me/
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singular
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plural
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first
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second
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third
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first
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second
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third
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indicative
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je (j’)
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tu
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il, elle, on
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nous
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vous
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ils, elles
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(simple tenses)
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present
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forme /fɔʁm/
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formes /fɔʁm/
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forme /fɔʁm/
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formons /fɔʁ.mɔ̃/
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formez /fɔʁ.me/
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forment /fɔʁm/
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imperfect
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formais /fɔʁ.mɛ/
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formais /fɔʁ.mɛ/
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formait /fɔʁ.mɛ/
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formions /fɔʁ.mjɔ̃/
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formiez /fɔʁ.mje/
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formaient /fɔʁ.mɛ/
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past historic2
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formai /fɔʁ.me/
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formas /fɔʁ.ma/
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forma /fɔʁ.ma/
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formâmes /fɔʁ.mam/
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formâtes /fɔʁ.mat/
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formèrent /fɔʁ.mɛʁ/
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future
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formerai /fɔʁ.mə.ʁe/
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formeras /fɔʁ.mə.ʁa/
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formera /fɔʁ.mə.ʁa/
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formerons /fɔʁ.mə.ʁɔ̃/
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formerez /fɔʁ.mə.ʁe/
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formeront /fɔʁ.mə.ʁɔ̃/
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conditional
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formerais /fɔʁ.mə.ʁɛ/
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formerais /fɔʁ.mə.ʁɛ/
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formerait /fɔʁ.mə.ʁɛ/
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formerions /fɔʁ.mə.ʁjɔ̃/
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formeriez /fɔʁ.mə.ʁje/
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formeraient /fɔʁ.mə.ʁɛ/
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(compound tenses)
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present perfect
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present indicative of avoir + past participle
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pluperfect
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imperfect indicative of avoir + past participle
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past anterior2
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past historic of avoir + past participle
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future perfect
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future of avoir + past participle
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conditional perfect
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conditional of avoir + past participle
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subjunctive
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que je (j’)
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que tu
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qu’il, qu’elle
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que nous
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que vous
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qu’ils, qu’elles
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(simple tenses)
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present
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forme /fɔʁm/
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formes /fɔʁm/
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forme /fɔʁm/
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formions /fɔʁ.mjɔ̃/
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formiez /fɔʁ.mje/
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forment /fɔʁm/
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imperfect2
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formasse /fɔʁ.mas/
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formasses /fɔʁ.mas/
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formât /fɔʁ.ma/
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formassions /fɔʁ.ma.sjɔ̃/
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formassiez /fɔʁ.ma.sje/
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formassent /fɔʁ.mas/
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(compound tenses)
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past
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present subjunctive of avoir + past participle
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pluperfect2
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imperfect subjunctive of avoir + past participle
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imperative
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–
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tu
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–
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nous
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vous
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–
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simple
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—
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forme /fɔʁm/
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—
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formons /fɔʁ.mɔ̃/
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formez /fɔʁ.me/
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—
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compound
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—
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simple imperative of avoir + past participle
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—
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simple imperative of avoir + past participle
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simple imperative of avoir + past participle
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—
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1 The French gerund is usable only with the preposition en.
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2 In less formal writing or speech, these tenses may be found to have been replaced in the following way:
- past historic → present perfect
- past anterior → pluperfect
- imperfect subjunctive → present subjunctive
- pluperfect subjunctive → past subjunctive
(Christopher Kendris , Master the Basics: French, pp. 77, 78, 79, 81).
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Related terms
Further reading
Latin
Verb
fōrmer
- first-person singular present passive subjunctive of fōrmō
Norwegian Bokmål
Noun
former m or f
- indefinite plural of form
Verb
former
- present of forme
Norwegian Nynorsk
Noun
former f
- indefinite plural of form
Swedish
Noun
former
- indefinite plural of form
Anagrams