furca

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See also: furcă and furcã

Irish

Etymology

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

Noun

furca m (genitive singular furca, nominative plural furcaí)

  1. wrinkle, pucker, fold

Declension

Declension of furca (fourth declension)
bare forms
case singular plural
nominative furca furcaí
vocative a fhurca a fhurcaí
genitive furca furcaí
dative furca furcaí
forms with the definite article
case singular plural
nominative an furca na furcaí
genitive an fhurca na bhfurcaí
dative leis an bhfurca
don fhurca 		leis na furcaí

Mutation

Mutated forms of furca
radical lenition eclipsis
furca fhurca bhfurca

Note: Certain mutated forms of some words can never occur in standard Modern Irish.
All possible mutated forms are displayed for convenience.

Further reading

Latin

Etymology

Of uncertain origin.

In its primary sense of "fork", furca appears to be derived from Proto-Indo-European *ǵʰerk(ʷ)-, *ǵʰerg(ʷ)- (“fork”), although the development of the -c- is difficult to explain. In the other senses, this derivation is unlikely. For those, perhaps it is connected to Proto-Germanic *furkaz, *firkalaz (“stake, stick, pole, post”), from Proto-Indo-European *perg- (“pole, post”). If so, this would relate the word to Old English forclas pl (“bolt”), Old Saxon ferkal (“lock, bolt, bar”), Old Norse forkr (“pole, staff, stick”), Norwegian fork (“stick, bat”), Swedish fork (“pole”).

Compare also Lithuanian žer̃gti (“to spread the legs”), žìrklės (“scissors”), though the mismatch of the vowels between the Lithuanian and Latin forms is hard to explain.[1]

Pronunciation

Noun

furca f (genitive furcae); first declension

  1. A two-pronged fork, pitchfork.
  2. A fork-shaped prop, pole or stake.
  3. An instrument of punishment, a frame in the form of a fork, which was placed on a culprit's neck, while his hands were fastened to the two ends; yoke.

Declension

First-declension noun.

singular plural
nominative furca furcae
genitive furcae furcārum
dative furcae furcīs
accusative furcam furcās
ablative furcā furcīs
vocative furca furcae

Derived terms

Descendants

See also

References

  • “furca”, in Charlton T. Lewis and Charles Short (1879) A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press
  • “furca”, in Charlton T. Lewis (1891) An Elementary Latin Dictionary, New York: Harper & Brothers
  • furca in Charles du Fresne du Cange’s Glossarium Mediæ et Infimæ Latinitatis (augmented edition with additions by D. P. Carpenterius, Adelungius and others, edited by Léopold Favre, 1883–1887)
  • furca in Gaffiot, Félix (1934) Dictionnaire illustré latin-français, Hachette.
  • “furca”, in Harry Thurston Peck, editor (1898), Harper's Dictionary of Classical Antiquities, New York: Harper & Brothers
  • “furca”, in William Smith et al., editor (1890), A Dictionary of Greek and Roman Antiquities, London: William Wayte. G. E. Marindin
  1. ^ De Vaan, Michiel (2008) “furca”, in Etymological Dictionary of Latin and the other Italic Languages (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 7), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, pages 251-2
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