fylgja
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Faroese
Etymology
From Old Norse fylgja, from Proto-Germanic *fulgijaną.
Pronunciation
Noun
fylgja f (genitive singular fylgju, plural fylgjur)
- consequence
- companionship
- kind of guardian angel, guardian spirit, tutelary entity, which was held to follow each person or family and the relationship being affixed or bound at the process or ceremony of naming.
Declension
| f1 | singular | plural | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| indefinite | definite | indefinite | definite | |
| nominative | fylgja | fylgjan | fylgjur | fylgjurnar |
| accusative | fylgju | fylgjuna | fylgjur | fylgjurnar |
| dative | fylgju | fylgjuni | fylgjum | fylgjunum |
| genitive | fylgju | fylgjunnar | fylgja | fylgjanna |
Verb
fylgja (third person singular past indicative fylgdi, third person plural past indicative fylgt, supine fylgt)
Conjugation
| Conjugation of fylgja (group v-10) | ||
|---|---|---|
| infinitive | fylgja | |
| supine | fylgt | |
| participle (a7)1 | fylgjandi | fylgdur |
| present | past | |
| first singular | fylgi | fylgdi |
| second singular | fylgir | fylgdi |
| third singular | fylgir | fylgdi |
| plural | fylgja | fylgdu |
| imperative | ||
| singular | fylg! | |
| plural | fylgið! | |
| 1Only the past participle being declined. | ||
Icelandic
Pronunciation
Etymology 1
From Old Norse fylgja, from Proto-Germanic *fulgijaną.
Verb
fylgja (weak verb, third-person singular past indicative fylgdi, supine fylgt)
- to accompany, follow
- to legally belong with
- to come bundled with or be part of the benefits or rights that follow something
- to follow, abide by (a rule, law, tradition, etc.)
- to follow, agree with, support
Conjugation
fylgja — active voice (germynd)
| infinitive (nafnháttur) |
að fylgja | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| supine (sagnbót) |
fylgt | ||||
| present participle (lýsingarháttur nútíðar) |
fylgjandi | ||||
| indicative (framsöguháttur) |
subjunctive (viðtengingarháttur) | ||||
| present (nútíð) |
ég fylgi | við fylgjum | present (nútíð) |
ég fylgi | við fylgjum |
| þú fylgir | þið fylgið | þú fylgir | þið fylgið | ||
| hann, hún, það fylgir | þeir, þær, þau fylgja | hann, hún, það fylgi | þeir, þær, þau fylgi | ||
| past (þátíð) |
ég fylgdi | við fylgdum | past (þátíð) |
ég fylgdi | við fylgdum |
| þú fylgdir | þið fylgduð | þú fylgdir | þið fylgduð | ||
| hann, hún, það fylgdi | þeir, þær, þau fylgdu | hann, hún, það fylgdi | þeir, þær, þau fylgdu | ||
| imperative (boðháttur) |
fylg (þú) | fylgið (þið) | |||
| Forms with appended personal pronoun | |||||
| fylgdu | fylgiði * | ||||
| * Spoken form, usually not written; in writing, the unappended plural form (optionally followed by the full pronoun) is preferred. | |||||
| infinitive (nafnháttur) |
að fylgjast | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| supine (sagnbót) |
fylgst | ||||
| present participle (lýsingarháttur nútíðar) |
fylgjandist ** ** the mediopassive present participle is extremely rare and normally not used; it is never used attributively or predicatively, only for explicatory subclauses | ||||
| indicative (framsöguháttur) |
subjunctive (viðtengingarháttur) | ||||
| present (nútíð) |
ég fylgist | við fylgjumst | present (nútíð) |
ég fylgist | við fylgjumst |
| þú fylgist | þið fylgist | þú fylgist | þið fylgist | ||
| hann, hún, það fylgist | þeir, þær, þau fylgjast | hann, hún, það fylgist | þeir, þær, þau fylgist | ||
| past (þátíð) |
ég fylgdist | við fylgdumst | past (þátíð) |
ég fylgdist | við fylgdumst |
| þú fylgdist | þið fylgdust | þú fylgdist | þið fylgdust | ||
| hann, hún, það fylgdist | þeir, þær, þau fylgdust | hann, hún, það fylgdist | þeir, þær, þau fylgdust | ||
| imperative (boðháttur) |
fylgst (þú) | fylgist (þið) | |||
| Forms with appended personal pronoun | |||||
| fylgstu | fylgisti * | ||||
| * Spoken form, usually not written; in writing, the unappended plural form (optionally followed by the full pronoun) is preferred. | |||||
fylgdur — past participle (lýsingarháttur þátíðar)
| strong declension (sterk beyging) |
singular (eintala) | plural (fleirtala) | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| masculine (karlkyn) |
feminine (kvenkyn) |
neuter (hvorugkyn) |
masculine (karlkyn) |
feminine (kvenkyn) |
neuter (hvorugkyn) | ||
| nominative (nefnifall) |
fylgdur | fylgd | fylgt | fylgdir | fylgdar | fylgd | |
| accusative (þolfall) |
fylgdan | fylgda | fylgt | fylgda | fylgdar | fylgd | |
| dative (þágufall) |
fylgdum | fylgdri | fylgdu | fylgdum | fylgdum | fylgdum | |
| genitive (eignarfall) |
fylgds | fylgdrar | fylgds | fylgdra | fylgdra | fylgdra | |
| weak declension (veik beyging) |
singular (eintala) | plural (fleirtala) | |||||
| masculine (karlkyn) |
feminine (kvenkyn) |
neuter (hvorugkyn) |
masculine (karlkyn) |
feminine (kvenkyn) |
neuter (hvorugkyn) | ||
| nominative (nefnifall) |
fylgdi | fylgda | fylgda | fylgdu | fylgdu | fylgdu | |
| accusative (þolfall) |
fylgda | fylgdu | fylgda | fylgdu | fylgdu | fylgdu | |
| dative (þágufall) |
fylgda | fylgdu | fylgda | fylgdu | fylgdu | fylgdu | |
| genitive (eignarfall) |
fylgda | fylgdu | fylgda | fylgdu | fylgdu | fylgdu | |
Etymology 2
Noun
fylgja f (genitive singular fylgju, nominative plural fylgjur)
- (obsolete) company (the act of accompanying, i.e. following, going as someone's companion)
- Synonym: fylgd
- placenta
- Synonyms: legkaka, barnsfylgja, fósturfylgja
- (folklore) a spirit which follows someone; guardian spirit
- (computing, slang) attachment (file sent with an e-mail message)
- Synonyms: viðhengi, fylgiskjal
Declension
Declension of fylgja (feminine)
| singular | plural | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| indefinite | definite | indefinite | definite | |
| nominative | fylgja | fylgjan | fylgjur | fylgjurnar |
| accusative | fylgju | fylgjuna | fylgjur | fylgjurnar |
| dative | fylgju | fylgjunni | fylgjum | fylgjunum |
| genitive | fylgju | fylgjunnar | fylgna | fylgnanna |
Norwegian Nynorsk
Alternative forms
Dialectal forms
Etymology
From Old Norse fylgja. Akin to English follow.
Pronunciation
Verb
fylgja (present tense fylgjer, past tense fylgde, past participle fylgt/fylgd, passive infinitive fylgjast, present participle fylgjande, imperative fylg)
- to follow
References
- “fylgja” in The Nynorsk Dictionary.
Old Norse
Etymology 1
Common Germanic *fulgijǭ (“guardian spirit-”), *fulgijaną (“to follow”).
Noun
fylgja f
- companionship
- (Norse mythology) kind of guardian angel, guardian spirit, tutelary entity, which was held to follow each person or family and the relationship being affixed or bound at the process or ceremony of naming
Declension
Declension of fylgja (weak jōn-stem)
| feminine | singular | plural | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| indefinite | definite | indefinite | definite | |
| nominative | fylgja | fylgjan | fylgjur | fylgjurnar |
| accusative | fylgju | fylgjuna | fylgjur | fylgjurnar |
| dative | fylgju | fylgjunni | fylgjum | fylgjunum |
| genitive | fylgju | fylgjunnar | fylgna | fylgnanna |
Etymology 2
From Proto-Germanic *fulgijaną (“to follow”).
Alternative forms
- ᚠᚢᛚᚴᚦᚢ (fulkþu) — Runic, 3rd plural past indicative
Verb
fylgja
Conjugation
Conjugation of fylgja — active (weak class 1)
| infinitive | fylgja | |
|---|---|---|
| present participle | fylgjandi | |
| past participle | fylgðr | |
| indicative | present | past |
| 1st-person singular | fylgi | fylgða |
| 2nd-person singular | fylgir | fylgðir |
| 3rd-person singular | fylgir | fylgði |
| 1st-person plural | fylgjum | fylgðum |
| 2nd-person plural | fylgið | fylgðuð |
| 3rd-person plural | fylgja | fylgðu |
| subjunctive | present | past |
| 1st-person singular | fylgja | fylgða |
| 2nd-person singular | fylgir | fylgðir |
| 3rd-person singular | fylgi | fylgði |
| 1st-person plural | fylgim | fylgðim |
| 2nd-person plural | fylgið | fylgðið |
| 3rd-person plural | fylgi | fylgði |
| imperative | present | |
| 2nd-person singular | fylg, fylgi | |
| 1st-person plural | fylgjum | |
| 2nd-person plural | fylgið | |
Conjugation of fylgja — mediopassive (weak class 1)
| infinitive | fylgjask | |
|---|---|---|
| present participle | fylgjandisk | |
| past participle | fylgzk | |
| indicative | present | past |
| 1st-person singular | fylgjumk | fylgðumk |
| 2nd-person singular | fylgisk | fylgðisk |
| 3rd-person singular | fylgisk | fylgðisk |
| 1st-person plural | fylgjumsk | fylgðumsk |
| 2nd-person plural | fylgizk | fylgðuzk |
| 3rd-person plural | fylgjask | fylgðusk |
| subjunctive | present | past |
| 1st-person singular | fylgjumk | fylgðumk |
| 2nd-person singular | fylgisk | fylgðisk |
| 3rd-person singular | fylgisk | fylgðisk |
| 1st-person plural | fylgimsk | fylgðimsk |
| 2nd-person plural | fylgizk | fylgðizk |
| 3rd-person plural | fylgisk | fylgðisk |
| imperative | present | |
| 2nd-person singular | fylgsk, fylgisk | |
| 1st-person plural | fylgjumsk | |
| 2nd-person plural | fylgizk | |
Descendants
- Icelandic: fylgja
- Faroese: fylgja
- Norwegian Nynorsk: fylgja, følgja; (dialectal) fýgje, fòlgje, fylla, -e, følle, følgj, følgji, føll
- Jamtish: fołi
- Elfdalian: fya, fyå
- Old Swedish: fylghia
- Swedish: följa
- Old Danish: fylghæ
- Old Gutnish: fylgia
- Gutnish: fylge
Further reading
- Zoëga, Geir T. (1910) “fylgja”, in A Concise Dictionary of Old Icelandic, Oxford: Clarendon Press; also available at the Internet Archive