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Hungarian

Pronunciation

  • IPA(key):
  • Audio:(file)
  • Rhymes: -føː

Etymology 1

From a variant form of fej (head). It changed its part of speech from noun to adjective.[1]

Adjective

(comparative főbb, superlative legfőbb)

  1. main, principal, key, chief, cardinal, core, most important
Usage notes

According to Tóth, Etelka, editor (2017), Magyar helyesírási szótár: A magyar helyesírás szabályai tizenkettedik kiadása szerint [Dictionary of Hungarian orthography: according to the 12th edition of the Rules of Hungarian orthography], Budapest: Akadémiai Kiadó, →ISBN. Online version, if this word is used in contrast with “vice-”, “deputy”, “auxiliary” or “subsidiary” (mellék-, al-), it is written without a space, e.g. főbejárat (main entrance), while in the sense “principal”, “primary”, “major”, “key”, or “most important”, it is written with a space, e.g. kérdés (main question)). This distinction was noticeable in the 10th and earlier editions of MHSz. (as shown e.g. in the word list of the 1973 edition) and it was clarified explicitly in the word list attached to the 11th edition of the regulation as well as in orthographic dictionaries reflecting this edition (e.g. 1999).

Derived terms
Compound words
Expressions

Noun

(plural fők)

  1. (archaic) head
    Synonym: fej
    emelt fővelwith one's head held high
    főbeshoot someone in the head
  2. (formal) head(s), person(s), capita (counter for people)
    Synonyms: személy, ember, (literary) lélek
    Ötszáz lakik ebben a faluban.There are 500 persons living in this village.
    egy főre eső/jutó bruttó hazai termékGDP per capita
  3. the main thing
    Synonym: lényeg
    az a , hogy…the main thing is that…
  4. head (leader of a group or an organisation; usually in compounds)
    Synonyms: vezető, élén
    kormányhead of government
    családhead of the family, breadwinner
  5. head (foremost part; usually in compounds)
    asztalhead of table
    hétMonday (first day of the week)
    hídbridgehead
Declension
Inflection (stem in long/high vowel, front rounded harmony)
singular plural
nominative fők
accusative főt főket
dative főnek főknek
instrumental fővel főkkel
causal-final főért főkért
translative fővé főkké
terminative főig főkig
essive-formal főként főkként
essive-modal
inessive főben főkben
superessive főn főkön
adessive főnél főknél
illative főbe főkbe
sublative főre főkre
allative főhöz főkhöz
elative főből főkből
delative főről főkről
ablative főtől főktől
non-attributive
possessive - singular
főé főké
non-attributive
possessive - plural
főéi főkéi
Possessive forms of
possessor single possession multiple possessions
1st person sing. főm főim
2nd person sing. főd főid
3rd person sing. fője fői
1st person plural főnk főink
2nd person plural főtök főitek
3rd person plural főjük főik
Derived terms
Compound words

Etymology 2

From Proto-Uralic *peje- (to boil, cook).[1][2] Cognates include Erzya and Moksha пиемс (pijems, to boil).

Verb

  1. (intransitive) to boil, to cook (normally in water, as opposed to oil)
    Coordinate term: sül
    Active-voice counterpart: főz
Conjugation
Derived terms

(With verbal prefixes):

References

  1. 1.0 1.1 in Zaicz, Gábor (ed.). Etimológiai szótár: Magyar szavak és toldalékok eredete (‘Dictionary of Etymology: The origin of Hungarian words and affixes’). Budapest: Tinta Könyvkiadó, 2006, →ISBN.  (See also its 2nd edition.)
  2. ^ Entry #735 in Uralonet, online Uralic etymological database of the Hungarian Research Centre for Linguistics.

Further reading

  • (to cook): in Bárczi, Géza and László Országh. A magyar nyelv értelmező szótára (“The Explanatory Dictionary of the Hungarian Language”, abbr.: ÉrtSz.). Budapest: Akadémiai Kiadó, 1959–1962. Fifth ed., 1992: →ISBN
  • (head, main): in Bárczi, Géza and László Országh. A magyar nyelv értelmező szótára (“The Explanatory Dictionary of the Hungarian Language”, abbr.: ÉrtSz.). Budapest: Akadémiai Kiadó, 1959–1962. Fifth ed., 1992: →ISBN