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Irish
Pronunciation
Etymology 1
From Middle Irish gairid, from Old Irish gairid, from Proto-Celtic *garyeti (compare Middle Welsh gardu (“groan”), geir (“word”)), from *ǵh₂r-, zero grade of Proto-Indo-European *ǵeh₂r- (“to shout, call”). Cognate with Ancient Greek γῆρυς (gêrus, “voice, speech”), Khotanese (ysār-, “to sing”), Latin garriō (“chatter”), Old English caru (“sorrow”).
Verb
gair (present analytic gaireann, future analytic gairfidh, verbal noun gairm, past participle gairthe)
- (transitive, intransitive) call
- (literary) invoke
- acclaim
Conjugation
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singular
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plural
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relative
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autonomous
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first
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second
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third
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first
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second
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third
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indicative
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present
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gairim
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gaireann tú; gairir†
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gaireann sé, sí
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gairimid
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gaireann sibh
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gaireann siad; gairid†
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a ghaireann; a ghaireas / a ngaireann*; a ngaireas*
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gairtear
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past
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ghair mé; ghaireas
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ghair tú; ghairis
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ghair sé, sí
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ghaireamar; ghair muid
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ghair sibh; ghaireabhair
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ghair siad; ghaireadar
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a ghair / ar ghair*
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gaireadh
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past habitual
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ghairinn / ngairinn‡‡
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ghairteá / ngairteᇇ
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ghaireadh sé, sí / ngaireadh sé, s퇇
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ghairimis; ghaireadh muid / ngairimis‡‡; ngaireadh muid‡‡
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ghaireadh sibh / ngaireadh sibh‡‡
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ghairidís; ghaireadh siad / ngairidís‡‡; ngaireadh siad‡‡
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a ghaireadh / a ngaireadh*
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ghairtí / ngairt퇇
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future
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gairfidh mé; gairfead
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gairfidh tú; gairfir†
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gairfidh sé, sí
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gairfimid; gairfidh muid
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gairfidh sibh
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gairfidh siad; gairfid†
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a ghairfidh; a ghairfeas / a ngairfidh*; a ngairfeas*
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gairfear
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conditional
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ghairfinn / ngairfinn‡‡
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ghairfeá / ngairfeᇇ
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ghairfeadh sé, sí / ngairfeadh sé, s퇇
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ghairfimis; ghairfeadh muid / ngairfimis‡‡; ngairfeadh muid‡‡
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ghairfeadh sibh / ngairfeadh sibh‡‡
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ghairfidís; ghairfeadh siad / ngairfidís‡‡; ngairfeadh siad‡‡
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a ghairfeadh / a ngairfeadh*
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ghairfí / ngairf퇇
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subjunctive
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present
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go ngaire mé; go ngairead†
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go ngaire tú; go ngairir†
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go ngaire sé, sí
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go ngairimid; go ngaire muid
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go ngaire sibh
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go ngaire siad; go ngairid†
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—
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go ngairtear
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past
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dá ngairinn
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dá ngairteá
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dá ngaireadh sé, sí
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dá ngairimis; dá ngaireadh muid
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dá ngaireadh sibh
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dá ngairidís; dá ngaireadh siad
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—
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dá ngairtí
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imperative
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gairim
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gair
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gaireadh sé, sí
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gairimis
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gairigí; gairidh†
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gairidís
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—
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gairtear
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verbal noun
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gairm
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past participle
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gairthe
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* indirect relative
† archaic or dialect form
‡‡ dependent form used with particles that trigger eclipsis
Alternative forms
Derived terms
- aisghair (“abrogate; repeal”, transitive verb)
- gair ar (“call upon, summon, invoke”)
- gair de (“name, proclaim, inaugurate”)
Etymology 2
See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.
Adjective
gair
- inflection of gar:
- vocative/genitive masculine singular
- (archaic) dative feminine singular
Noun
gair m
- genitive singular of gar
Mutation
Irish mutation
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Radical
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Lenition
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Eclipsis
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gair
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ghair
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ngair
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Note: Some of these forms may be hypothetical. Not every possible mutated form of every word actually occurs.
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References
Further reading
Manx
Adjective
gair
- Eclipsed form of cair.
Noun
gair f
- Eclipsed form of cair.
Mutation
Scots
Alternative forms
Etymology
Compare to English gore (third sense).
Pronunciation
Noun
gair (plural gairs)
- (archaic) a strip of grass on a hillside, especially bright green and fertile grass
Welsh
Etymology
From Middle Welsh geir, from Proto-Brythonic *gėr, from Proto-Celtic *garyos (“word, speech”), from Proto-Indo-European *ǵh₂r-, zero grade of *ǵeh₂r-.
Cognate with Ancient Greek γῆρυς (gêrus, “voice, speech”), Khotanese (ysār-, “to sing”), Latin garriō (“chatter”), Old English ċearu (“sorrow”).
Pronunciation
Noun
gair m (plural geiriau or geirau)
- word
- gair am air ― word for word
Derived terms
Compounds
Mutation
References
- R. J. Thomas, G. A. Bevan, P. J. Donovan, A. Hawke et al., editors (1950–present), “gair”, in Geiriadur Prifysgol Cymru Online (in Welsh), University of Wales Centre for Advanced Welsh & Celtic Studies