gairm

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Irish

Pronunciation

Etymology 1

From Old Irish gairm, from Proto-Celtic *garsman, from *ǵeh₂r- (“to shout, cry”); see gair for more.

Alternative forms

Noun

gairm f (genitive singular as substantive gairme, genitive as verbal noun gairthe, nominative plural gairmeacha)

  1. verbal noun of gair
  2. call, summons
  3. calling, vocation
  4. acclaim
Declension

(as verbal noun):

Declension of gairm (second declension, no plural)
bare forms
case singular
nominative gairm
vocative a ghairm
genitive gairthe
dative gairm
forms with the definite article
case singular
nominative an ghairm
genitive na gairthe
dative leis an ngairm
don ghairm

(as substantive):

Declension of gairm (second declension)
bare forms
case singular plural
nominative gairm gairmeacha
vocative a ghairm a ghairmeacha
genitive gairme gairmeacha
dative gairm gairmeacha
forms with the definite article
case singular plural
nominative an ghairm na gairmeacha
genitive na gairme na ngairmeacha
dative leis an ngairm
don ghairm 		leis na gairmeacha
Derived terms

Further reading

Etymology 2

Verb

gairm (present analytic gairmeann, future analytic gairmfidh, verbal noun gairm, past participle gairmthe)

  1. (transitive, intransitive) Alternative form of gair (“call; invoke; acclaim”)
Conjugation
conjugation of gairm (first conjugation – A)
singular plural relative autonomous
first second third first second third
indicative present gairmim gairmeann tú;
gairmir† 		gairmeann sé, sí gairmimid gairmeann sibh gairmeann siad;
gairmid† 		a ghairmeann; a ghairmeas /
a ngairmeann* 		gairmtear
past ghairm mé; ghairmeas ghairm tú; ghairmis ghairm sé, sí ghairmeamar; ghairm muid ghairm sibh; ghairmeabhair ghairm siad; ghairmeadar a ghairm /
ar ghairm* 		gairmeadh
past habitual ghairminn / ngairminn‡‡ ghairmteá / ngairmteᇇ ghairmeadh sé, sí / ngairmeadh sé, s퇇 ghairmimis; ghairmeadh muid / ngairmimis‡‡; ngairmeadh muid‡‡ ghairmeadh sibh / ngairmeadh sibh‡‡ ghairmidís; ghairmeadh siad / ngairmidís‡‡; ngairmeadh siad‡‡ a ghairmeadh /
a ngairmeadh* 		ghairmtí / ngairmt퇇
future gairmfidh mé;
gairmfead 		gairmfidh tú;
gairmfir† 		gairmfidh sé, sí gairmfimid;
gairmfidh muid 		gairmfidh sibh gairmfidh siad;
gairmfid† 		a ghairmfidh; a ghairmfeas /
a ngairmfidh* 		gairmfear
conditional ghairmfinn / ngairmfinn‡‡ ghairmfeá / ngairmfeᇇ ghairmfeadh sé, sí / ngairmfeadh sé, s퇇 ghairmfimis; ghairmfeadh muid / ngairmfimis‡‡; ngairmfeadh muid‡‡ ghairmfeadh sibh / ngairmfeadh sibh‡‡ ghairmfidís; ghairmfeadh siad / ngairmfidís‡‡; ngairmfeadh siad‡‡ a ghairmfeadh /
a ngairmfeadh* 		ghairmfí / ngairmf퇇
subjunctive present go ngairme mé;
go ngairmead† 		go ngairme tú;
go ngairmir† 		go ngairme sé, sí go ngairmimid;
go ngairme muid 		go ngairme sibh go ngairme siad;
go ngairmid† 		— go ngairmtear
past dá ngairminn dá ngairmteá dá ngairmeadh sé, sí dá ngairmimis;
dá ngairmeadh muid 		dá ngairmeadh sibh dá ngairmidís;
dá ngairmeadh siad 		— dá ngairmtí
imperative gairmim gairm gairmeadh sé, sí gairmimis gairmigí;
gairmidh† 		gairmidís — gairmtear
verbal noun gairm
past participle gairmthe

* indirect relative
† archaic or dialect form
‡‡ dependent form used with particles that trigger eclipsis

Mutation

Mutated forms of gairm
radical lenition eclipsis
gairm ghairm ngairm

Note: Certain mutated forms of some words can never occur in standard Modern Irish.
All possible mutated forms are displayed for convenience.

References

  1. ^ “gairm”, in Irish Pronunciation Database, Foras na Gaeilge, 2013–2025
  2. ^ Finck, F. N. (1899) Die araner mundart [The Aran Dialect] (in German), volume II, Marburg: Elwert’sche Verlagsbuchhandlung, page 123
  3. ^ de Bhaldraithe, Tomás (1977) Gaeilge Chois Fhairrge: An Deilbhíocht [The Irish of Cois Fharraige: Accidence] (in Irish), 2nd edition, Institiúid Ard-Léinn Bhaile Átha Cliath , section 32, page 14
  4. ^ Mhac an Fhailigh, Éamonn (1968) The Irish of Erris, Co. Mayo: A Phonemic Study, Dublin Institute for Advanced Studies, section 475, page 168
  5. ^ Quiggin, E. C. (1906) A Dialect of Donegal, Cambridge University Press, § 110, page 43

Scottish Gaelic

Etymology

From Old Irish gairm, from Proto-Celtic *garsman, from Proto-Indo-European *ǵh₂r̥-smn̥, from *ǵeh₂r- (“to shout, cry”).

Pronunciation

Verb

gairm (past ghairm, future gairmidh, verbal noun gairm, past participle gairmte)

  1. call, cry
  2. crow (cock, etc.)
  3. declare (war, ceasefire, etc.)
  4. draft (into armed forces)

Noun

gairm f (genitive singular gairme, plural gairmean or gairmeannan)

  1. verbal noun of gairm
  2. cry, call
  3. crow (cock's)
  4. proclamation
    Synonym: glaodhadh

Mutation

Mutation of gairm
radical lenition
gairm ghairm

Note: Certain mutated forms of some words can never occur in standard Scottish Gaelic.
All possible mutated forms are displayed for convenience.

References

  • Edward Dwelly (1911) “gairm”, in Faclair Gàidhlig gu Beurla le Dealbhan [The Illustrated Gaelic–English Dictionary]‎, 10th edition, Edinburgh: Birlinn Limited, →ISBN
  • Gregory Toner, Sharon Arbuthnot, Máire Ní Mhaonaigh, Marie-Luise Theuerkauf, Dagmar Wodtko, editors (2019), “gairm”, in eDIL: Electronic Dictionary of the Irish Language
  1. ^ Rev. C. M. Robertson (1902) “Skye Gaelic”, in Transactions of the Gaelic Society of Inverness, Volume XXIII: 1898-99‎, Gaelic Society of Inverness, pages 54-88
  2. ^ Oftedal, M. (1956) A linguistic survey of the Gaelic dialects of Scotland, Vol. III: The Gaelic of Leurbost, Isle of Lewis, Oslo: Norsk Tidsskrift for Sprogvidenskap
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