garbh

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Irish

Etymology

From Old Irish garb,[1] from Proto-Celtic *garwos (compare Welsh garw (“coarse”)).

Pronunciation

Adjective

garbh (genitive singular masculine gairbh, genitive singular feminine gairbhe, plural garbha, comparative gairbhe)

  1. rough, harsh
  2. rugged, coarse, crude
  3. unpolished
  4. approximate

Declension

Declension of garbh
Singular Plural (m/f)
Positive Masculine Feminine (strong noun) (weak noun)
Nominative garbh gharbh garbha;
gharbha²
Vocative ghairbh garbha
Genitive gairbhe garbha garbh
Dative garbh;
gharbh¹ 		gharbh;
ghairbh (archaic) 		garbha;
gharbha²
Comparative níos gairbhe
Superlative is gairbhe

¹ When the preceding noun is lenited and governed by the definite article.
² When the preceding noun ends in a slender consonant.

Derived terms

Verb

garbh (present analytic garbhann, future analytic garbhfaidh, verbal noun garbhadh, past participle garfa)

  1. (transitive, intransitive) Alternative form of garbhaigh (“roughen; become rough”)

Conjugation

conjugation of garbh (first conjugation – A)
singular plural relative autonomous
first second third first second third
indicative present garbhaim garbhann tú;
garbhair† 		garbhann sé, sí garbhaimid garbhann sibh garbhann siad;
garbhaid† 		a gharbhann; a gharbhas /
a ngarbhann*; a ngarbhas* 		garbhtar
past gharbh mé; gharbhas gharbh tú; gharbhais gharbh sé, sí gharbhamar; gharbh muid gharbh sibh; gharbhabhair gharbh siad; gharbhadar a gharbh /
ar gharbh* 		garbhadh
past habitual gharbhainn / ngarbhainn‡‡ gharbhtá / ngarbhtᇇ gharbhadh sé, sí / ngarbhadh sé, s퇇 gharbhaimis; gharbhadh muid / ngarbhaimis‡‡; ngarbhadh muid‡‡ gharbhadh sibh / ngarbhadh sibh‡‡ gharbhaidís; gharbhadh siad / ngarbhaidís‡‡; ngarbhadh siad‡‡ a gharbhadh /
a ngarbhadh* 		gharbhtaí / ngarbhta퇇
future garbhfaidh mé;
garbhfad 		garbhfaidh tú;
garbhfair† 		garbhfaidh sé, sí garbhfaimid;
garbhfaidh muid 		garbhfaidh sibh garbhfaidh siad;
garbhfaid† 		a gharbhfaidh; a gharbhfas /
a ngarbhfaidh*; a ngarbhfas* 		garbhfar
conditional gharbhfainn / ngarbhfainn‡‡ gharbhfá / ngarbhfᇇ gharbhfadh sé, sí / ngarbhfadh sé, s퇇 gharbhfaimis; gharbhfadh muid / ngarbhfaimis‡‡; ngarbhfadh muid‡‡ gharbhfadh sibh / ngarbhfadh sibh‡‡ gharbhfaidís; gharbhfadh siad / ngarbhfaidís‡‡; ngarbhfadh siad‡‡ a gharbhfadh /
a ngarbhfadh* 		gharbhfaí / ngarbhfa퇇
subjunctive present go ngarbha mé;
go ngarbhad† 		go ngarbha tú;
go ngarbhair† 		go ngarbha sé, sí go ngarbhaimid;
go ngarbha muid 		go ngarbha sibh go ngarbha siad;
go ngarbhaid† 		— go ngarbhtar
past dá ngarbhainn dá ngarbhtá dá ngarbhadh sé, sí dá ngarbhaimis;
dá ngarbhadh muid 		dá ngarbhadh sibh dá ngarbhaidís;
dá ngarbhadh siad 		— dá ngarbhtaí
imperative garbhaim garbh garbhadh sé, sí garbhaimis garbhaigí;
garbhaidh† 		garbhaidís — garbhtar
verbal noun garbhadh
past participle garfa

* indirect relative
† archaic or dialect form
‡‡ dependent form used with particles that trigger eclipsis

Mutation

Irish mutation
Radical Lenition Eclipsis
garbh gharbh ngarbh
Note: Some of these forms may be hypothetical. Not every possible mutated form of every word actually occurs.

References

  1. ^ Gregory Toner, Sharon Arbuthnot, Máire Ní Mhaonaigh, Marie-Luise Theuerkauf, Dagmar Wodtko, editors (2019), “1 garb”, in eDIL: Electronic Dictionary of the Irish Language
  2. ^ Sjoestedt, M. L. (1931) Phonétique d’un parler irlandais de Kerry (in French), Paris: Librairie Ernest Leroux, § 65, page 34
  3. ^ Finck, F. N. (1899) Die araner mundart (in German), volume II, Marburg: Elwert’sche Verlagsbuchhandlung, page 121
  4. ^ Quiggin, E. C. (1906) A Dialect of Donegal, Cambridge University Press, § 110, page 43

Further reading

Scottish Gaelic

Etymology

From Old Irish garb, from Proto-Celtic *garwos (compare Welsh garw (“coarse”)).

Pronunciation

Adjective

garbh (comparative gairbhe)

  1. rough (as in a rough surface)
  2. wild (about the weather)
  3. hoarse
  4. gross

Mutation

Scottish Gaelic mutation
Radical Lenition
garbh gharbh
Note: Some of these forms may be hypothetical. Not every possible mutated form of every word actually occurs.

References

Wikious
Boobota
Sagapedia