gast

English

Etymology

From Middle English gasten, from Old English gǣstan, from Proto-Germanic *gaistijaną. Also spelled ghast due to association with ghost.

Pronunciation

• (Received Pronunciation) IPA^(key): /ɡɑːst/

  • Audio (Southern England)

    (file)

• (General American) IPA^(key): /ɡæst/
• Rhymes: -ɑːst, -æst

Verb

gast (third-person singular simple present gasts, present participle gasting, simple past and past participle gasted)

1. (obsolete) To frighten.
   • c. 1603–1606, William Shakespeare, “The Tragedie of King Lear”, in Mr. William Shakespeares Comedies, Histories, & Tragedies  (First Folio), London: Isaac Iaggard, and Ed Blount, published 1623, →OCLC, :

     Or whether gasted by the noise I made, full suddenly he fled.

Anagrams

• ATGs, GATS, GTAs, TAGs, gats, stag, tags

Breton

Etymology

Borrowed from Old Irish gast, from Proto-Celtic *gasliyā, from *gas, of uncertain ultimate origin, but compare French gouine (“lesbian”), and Proto-Brythonic *gwėɣin (“sheath”).

Noun

gast f (plural gisti)

1. (vulgar, derogatory) whore, bitch

Inflection

g=f

References

Danish

Etymology

From Old Frisian gāst, from Proto-West Germanic *gaist.

Noun

gast c (singular definite gasten, plural indefinite gaster)

1. A crew member on a ship

Dutch

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ɣɑst/

• Audio

  (file)

• Hyphenation: gast
• Rhymes: -ɑst

Etymology 1

From Middle Dutch gast, from Old Dutch *gast, from Proto-West Germanic *gasti, from Proto-Germanic *gastiz.

Noun

gast m (plural gasten, diminutive gastje n)

1. guest

   Synonym: genodigde

   Antonyms: gastheer, gastvrouw

   Ik heb afgelopen week wat familie te gast gehad. ― Some family members stayed with me as guests last week.

2. (chiefly in combinations) knave, worker, apprentice, delivery boy

   Antonyms: meester, stagemeester

3. (colloquial) dude, guy

   Synonyms: gozer, vent

   Die gast is echt niet goed bij z'n hoofd. ― That guy really isn't right in the head.

   Zijn broer is best een aardige gast. ― His brother is quite a nice guy.

   Gast, waar heb je het nou helemaal over? ― Dude, what are you even on about?

Derived terms

• bakkersgast
• eregast
• gastenverblijf
• gastheer
• gasthuis
• gastorganisme
• gastrecht
• gastvriend
• gastvrij
• gastvrouw
• logeergast
• meestergast
• slaapgast
• slagersgast
• spuitgast
• vergasten

Descendants

• Negerhollands: gast

Etymology 2

See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.

Verb

gast

1. inflection of gassen:
   1. second/third-person singular present indicative
   2. (archaic) plural imperative

Gothic

Romanization

gast

1. Romanization of 𐌲𐌰𐍃𐍄

Icelandic

Verb

gast

1. singular past indicative of getast

Middle English

Noun

gast

1. Alternative form of gost

Old English

Alternative forms

• gǣst, gaast

Etymology

From Proto-West Germanic *gaist, from Proto-Germanic *gaistaz.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ɡɑːst/

Noun

gāst m

1. spirit

   sē Hālga Gāst

   the Holy Spirit

   Iċ bēo mid þē on gāste.

   I'll be with you in spirit.

2. ghost
3. breath
4. demon

Declension

Derived terms

• gāstlīċ (“spiritual”)

Descendants

• Middle English: gost, gast, gaast, goost, goste
  • English: ghost
  • Scots: gaist, gast, ghaist
  • Yola: gaast

Old French

Alternative forms

• wast

Etymology

Based on Latin vastus (“uncultivated, unoccupied”)

Noun

gast oblique singular, m (oblique plural gaz or gatz, nominative singular gaz or gatz, nominative plural gast)

1. destruction

Adjective

gast m (oblique and nominative feminine singular gaste)

1. destroyed; ravaged; decimated

Descendants

• English: waste (from the variant wast)

References

• Godefroy, Frédéric, Dictionnaire de l’ancienne langue française et de tous ses dialectes du IX^e au XV^e siècle (1881) (gast)
• gast on the Anglo-Norman On-Line Hub

Old Frisian

Alternative forms

• gēst

Etymology

From Proto-West Germanic *gaist. Cognates include Old English gāst and Old Saxon gēst.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈɡaːst/

Noun

gāst m

1. ghost, spirit

Descendants

• Saterland Frisian: Gäist, Jeest
• West Frisian: geast

References

• Bremmer, Rolf H. (2009) An Introduction to Old Frisian: History, Grammar, Reader, Glossary, Amsterdam: John Benjamins Publishing Company, →ISBN, page 28

Old High German

Etymology

From Proto-West Germanic *gasti, see also Old Norse gestr, Latin hostis (“enemy”).

Noun

gast m (plural gesti)

1. guest

Declension

Derived terms

• gasttuom

Descendants

• Middle High German: gast
  • Bavarian: Gåst
  • German: Gast
    • → Esperanto: gasto
  • Luxembourgish: Gaascht
  • Yiddish: גאַסט (gast)

Old Saxon

Etymology

From Proto-West Germanic *gasti, whence also Old English ġiest.

Noun

gast m

1. guest

Declension

Descendants

• Middle Low German: gast
  • Westphalian:

    Ravensbergisch-Lippisch: Gast

    Sauerländisch: Gast

    Westmünsterländisch: Gast

  • Plautdietsch: Gaust
  • → Saterland Frisian: Gast
  • → West Frisian: gast

Swedish

Etymology 1

See gäst

Noun

gast c

1. A crew member on a ship

Etymology 2

From Old Swedish gaster, possibly borrowed from Old Frisian gāst, from Proto-West Germanic *gaist.

Noun

gast c

1. A ghost

   Synonym: vålnad

Usage notes

The more common word for ghost is spöke.

Declension

Derived terms

• gastkramande

References

• gast in Svensk ordbok (SO)
• gast in Svenska Akademiens ordlista (SAOL)
• gast in Svenska Akademiens ordbok (SAOB)

Anagrams

• sagt, stag, tags

Welsh

Etymology

From Irish gast, from Proto-Celtic *gasliyā, from *gas, of uncertain ultimate origin, but compare French gouine (“lesbian”), and Proto-Brythonic *gwėɣin (“sheath”).

Noun

gast f (plural geist)

1. (vulgar, derogatory, offensive) bitch

Mutation

References