gauti

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See also: Gauti

Lithuanian

Etymology

Of uncertain origin. Traditionally derived from Proto-Balto-Slavic *gáuˀtei, *gū́ˀtei, from Proto-Indo-European *gʷew(H)- (“to gain”). Cognate with Latvian gaut, gūt (“to catch, gain”), Old Prussian pogaūt (“to receive”), and (per Trubačev) Proto-Slavic *gyti, *guviti (“to acquire”).[1] Outside of Balto-Slavic, likely related to Avestan 𐬔𐬏𐬥𐬀𐬊𐬌𐬙𐬌 (gūnaoiti, “to supply”), 𐬔𐬏𐬥𐬀𐬊𐬙𐬌 (gūnaoti, “to increase”).[2] Derksen instead prefers a derivation from Proto-Indo-European *gʷeh₃- (“to feed, tend”) and compares Ancient Greek βόσκω (bóskō, “id”).[3]

Tentatively further compared with Proto-Celtic *boudi (“booty, loot”), of disputed origin.

Pronunciation

Verb

gáuti (third-person present tense gáuna, third-person past tense gãvo)[4][5]

  1. (transitive) to get, to obtain, to gain (+ accusative)
  2. (transitive) to derive

Conjugation

Conjugation of gauti
singular
(vienaskaita) 		plural
(daugiskaita)
1st person
(pirmasis asmuo) 		2nd person
(antrasis asmuo) 		3rd person
(trečiasis asmuo) 		1st person
(pirmasis asmuo) 		2nd person
(antrasis asmuo) 		3rd person
(trečiasis asmuo)
aš tu jis/ji mes jūs jie/jos
indicative
(tiesioginė
nuosaka) 		present
(esamasis laikas) 		gáunu gáuni gáuna gáuname,
gáunam 		gáunate,
gáunat 		gáuna
past
(būtasis kartinis
laikas) 		gavaũ gavaĩ gãvo gãvome,
gãvom 		gãvote,
gãvot 		gãvo
past frequentative
(būtasis dažninis
laikas) 		gáudavau gáudavai gáudavo gáudavome,
gáudavom 		gáudavote,
gáudavot 		gáudavo
future
(būsimasis laikas) 		gáusiu gáusi gáus gáusime,
gáusim 		gáusite,
gáusit 		gáus
subjunctive
(tariamoji nuosaka) 		gáučiau gáutum gáutų gáutumėme,
gáutumėm,
gáutume 		gáutumėte,
gáutumėt 		gáutų
imperative
(liepiamoji nuosaka) 		— gáuk,
gáuki 		tegáuna gáukime,
gáukim 		gáukite,
gáukit 		tegáuna
Participles of gauti
Adjectival (dalyviai)
active passive
present gáunąs, gáunantis gáunamas
past gãvęs gáutas
past frequentative gáudavęs —
future gáusiąs, gáusiantis gáusimas
participle of necessity — gáutinas
Adverbial
special (pusdalyvis) gáudamas
half-participle
(padalyviai) 		present gáunant
past gãvus
past frequentative gáudavus
future gáusiant
manner of action (būdinys) gáute, gáutinai

Derived terms

References

  1. ^ Trubachyov, Oleg, editor (1980), “*guviti”, in Этимологический словарь славянских языков [Etymological dictionary of Slavic languages] (in Russian), numbers 7 (*golvačь – *gyžati), Moscow: Nauka, page 180
  2. ^ Pokorny, Julius (1959) “gou̯ǝ-”, in Indogermanisches etymologisches Wörterbuch [Indo-European Etymological Dictionary] (in German), volume 2, Bern, München: Francke Verlag, pages 403-404
  3. ^ Derksen, Rick (2015) “gauti”, in Etymological Dictionary of the Baltic Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 13), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 166
  4. ^ “gauti”, in Lietuvių kalbos etimologinio žodyno duomenų bazė [Lithuanian etymological dictionary database], 2007–2012
  5. ^ “gauti”, in Lietuvių kalbos žodynas [Dictionary of the Lithuanian language], lkz.lt, 1941–2024
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