Inherited from Middle French garser (“to skin, flay”), from Old French garser, jarser (“to gash, wound”), possibly from Late Latin caraxāre, charaxāre, from Ancient Greek χαράσσειν (kharássein, “to cut, incise”). Alternatively from Latin *carptiāre, from carpĕre (“to pull, pluck”).
Cognate with Galician sarxar and Spanish sajar, both from Old French.
gercer
This verb is part of a group of -er verbs for which 'c' is softened to a 'ç' before the vowels 'a' and 'o'.
| infinitive | simple | gercer | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| compound | avoir + past participle | ||||||
| present participle or gerund1 | simple | gerçant /ʒɛʁ.sɑ̃/ | |||||
| compound | ayant + past participle | ||||||
| past participle | gercé /ʒɛʁ.se/ | ||||||
| singular | plural | ||||||
| first | second | third | first | second | third | ||
| indicative | je (j’) | tu | il, elle, on | nous | vous | ils, elles | |
| (simple tenses) |
present | gerce /ʒɛʁs/ |
gerces /ʒɛʁs/ |
gerce /ʒɛʁs/ |
gerçons /ʒɛʁ.sɔ̃/ |
gercez /ʒɛʁ.se/ |
gercent /ʒɛʁs/ |
| imperfect | gerçais /ʒɛʁ.sɛ/ |
gerçais /ʒɛʁ.sɛ/ |
gerçait /ʒɛʁ.sɛ/ |
gercions /ʒɛʁ.sjɔ̃/ |
gerciez /ʒɛʁ.sje/ |
gerçaient /ʒɛʁ.sɛ/ | |
| past historic2 | gerçai /ʒɛʁ.se/ |
gerças /ʒɛʁ.sa/ |
gerça /ʒɛʁ.sa/ |
gerçâmes /ʒɛʁ.sam/ |
gerçâtes /ʒɛʁ.sat/ |
gercèrent /ʒɛʁ.sɛʁ/ | |
| future | gercerai /ʒɛʁ.sə.ʁe/ |
gerceras /ʒɛʁ.sə.ʁa/ |
gercera /ʒɛʁ.sə.ʁa/ |
gercerons /ʒɛʁ.sə.ʁɔ̃/ |
gercerez /ʒɛʁ.sə.ʁe/ |
gerceront /ʒɛʁ.sə.ʁɔ̃/ | |
| conditional | gercerais /ʒɛʁ.sə.ʁɛ/ |
gercerais /ʒɛʁ.sə.ʁɛ/ |
gercerait /ʒɛʁ.sə.ʁɛ/ |
gercerions /ʒɛʁ.sə.ʁjɔ̃/ |
gerceriez /ʒɛʁ.sə.ʁje/ |
gerceraient /ʒɛʁ.sə.ʁɛ/ | |
| (compound tenses) |
present perfect | present indicative of avoir + past participle | |||||
| pluperfect | imperfect indicative of avoir + past participle | ||||||
| past anterior2 | past historic of avoir + past participle | ||||||
| future perfect | future of avoir + past participle | ||||||
| conditional perfect | conditional of avoir + past participle | ||||||
| subjunctive | que je (j’) | que tu | qu’il, qu’elle | que nous | que vous | qu’ils, qu’elles | |
| (simple tenses) |
present | gerce /ʒɛʁs/ |
gerces /ʒɛʁs/ |
gerce /ʒɛʁs/ |
gercions /ʒɛʁ.sjɔ̃/ |
gerciez /ʒɛʁ.sje/ |
gercent /ʒɛʁs/ |
| imperfect2 | gerçasse /ʒɛʁ.sas/ |
gerçasses /ʒɛʁ.sas/ |
gerçât /ʒɛʁ.sa/ |
gerçassions /ʒɛʁ.sa.sjɔ̃/ |
gerçassiez /ʒɛʁ.sa.sje/ |
gerçassent /ʒɛʁ.sas/ | |
| (compound tenses) |
past | present subjunctive of avoir + past participle | |||||
| pluperfect2 | imperfect subjunctive of avoir + past participle | ||||||
| imperative | – | – | – | ||||
| simple | — | gerce /ʒɛʁs/ |
— | gerçons /ʒɛʁ.sɔ̃/ |
gercez /ʒɛʁ.se/ |
— | |
| compound | — | simple imperative of avoir + past participle | — | simple imperative of avoir + past participle | simple imperative of avoir + past participle | — | |
| 1 The French gerund is usable only with the preposition en. | |||||||
2 In less formal writing or speech, these tenses may be found to have been replaced in the following way:
(Christopher Kendris , Master the Basics: French, pp. 77, 78, 79, 81). | |||||||