gian khổ

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See also: gian khó

Vietnamese

Etymology

Sino-Vietnamese word from 艱苦.

Pronunciation

(Hà Nội) IPA^(key):
(Huế) IPA^(key): ~
(Saigon) IPA^(key): ~

Noun

hardship; misery; adversity
kinh qua nhiều gian khổ chông gai ― to go through a hard time

Adjective

hard; difficult; arduous

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