gin

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English

Etymology 1

Abbreviation of geneva, alteration of Dutch genever (juniper) from Old French genevre (modern French genièvre), from Vulgar Latin ziniperus, from Latin iūniperus (juniper). Hence gin rummy (first attested 1941).

Pronunciation

Noun

English Wikipedia has an article on:
Wikipedia

gin (countable and uncountable, plural gins)

  1. A colourless non-aged alcoholic liquor made by distilling fermented grains such as barley, corn, oats or rye with juniper berries; the base for many cocktails.
  2. (uncountable) Gin rummy.
  3. (poker) Drawing the best card or combination of cards.
    Johnny Chan held jack-nine, and hit gin when a queen-ten-eight board was dealt out.
Derived terms
Translations
References

Etymology 2

Partly from Middle English gin, ginne (cleverness, scheme, talent, device, machine), from Old French gin, an aphetism of Old French engin (engine); and partly from Middle English grin, grine (snare, trick, stratagem, deceit, temptation, noose, halter, instrument), from Old English grin, gryn, giren (snare, gin, noose).

Pronunciation

Noun

gin (plural gins)

Setting and triggering a "gin" or foothold trap, demonstrated at the Black Country Living Museum
  1. (obsolete) A trick; a device or instrument.
  2. (obsolete) A scheme; contrivance; artifice; a figurative trap or snare.
  3. A snare or trap for game.
    • 1895, Thomas Hardy, “IV-ii”, in Jude the Obscure, London: Osgood:
      It was the cry of a rabbit caught in a gin.
  4. A machine for raising or moving heavy objects, consisting of a tripod formed of poles united at the top, with a windlass, pulleys, ropes, etc.
  5. (mining) A hoisting drum, usually vertical; a whim.
  6. A pile driver.
  7. A windpump.
  8. A cotton gin.
  9. An instrument of torture worked with screws.
Derived terms
Translations

Verb

gin (third-person singular simple present gins, present participle ginning, simple past and past participle ginned)

  1. (transitive) To remove the seeds from cotton with a cotton gin.
  2. (transitive) To trap something in a gin.
Derived terms
Descendants
  • Italian: ginnare
Translations

Etymology 3

Inherited from Middle English ginnen (to begin), contraction of beginnen.

Pronunciation

Verb

gin (third-person singular simple present gins, present participle ginning, simple past gan, past participle gun)

  1. (archaic) To begin.

Etymology 4

Borrowed from Dharug dyin (woman), but having acquired a derogatory tone.[1]

Pronunciation

Noun

gin (plural gins)

  1. (Australia, now considered offensive, ethnic slur) An Aboriginal woman.
    • 1869, Thomas Livingstone Mitchell, Three Expeditions into the Interior of Eastern Australia, volume 1, page 273:
      His next shot was discharged amongst the mob, and most unfortunately wounded the gin already mentioned ; who, with a child fastened to her back, slid down the bank, and lay, apparently dying, with her legs in the water.
    • 1879 December 31, “Obituary”, in The Hobart Mercury, page 2:
      On December 28, in the same year , he [John Allen] fought single handed a tribe of native blacks, numbering from thirteen to eighteen, besides "gins" to bring them spears, waddies, etc.
    • 1894, Ivan Dexter, Talmud: A Strange Narrative of Central Australia, published in serial form in Port Adelaide News and Lefevre's Peninsula Advertiser (SA), Chapter XXI,
      From my position I could see the gins pointing back, and as the men turned they looked for a moment and then made a wild rush for the entrance.
    • 1938, Xavier Herbert, chapter XXI, in Capricornia, D. Appleton-Century, published 1943, page 353:
      How they must have laughed about the strutting of her whose mother was a wanton and aunt a gin!
    • 1988, Tom Cole, Hell West and Crooked, Angus & Robertson, published 1995, page 179:
      Dad said Shoesmith and Thompson had made one error that cost them their lives by letting the gins into the camp, and the blacks speared them all.
    • 2008, Bill Marsh, Jack Goldsmith, Goldie: Adventures in a Vanishing Australia, unnumbered page:
      But there was this gin there, see, what they called a kitchen girl.
Synonyms
Derived terms
References
  1. ^ R. M. W. Dixon, Australian Aboriginal Words, Oxford University Press, 1990, →ISBN, page 167.

Etymology 5

Cognate to Scots gin (if): perhaps from gi(v)en,[1] or a compound in which the first element is from Old English ġif (English if) and the second is cognate to English an (if) (compare iffen),[1] or perhaps from again.[1]

Pronunciation

Conjunction

gin

  1. (chiefly Scotland, Northern England, Southern US, Appalachia) If.
    • 1605, Richard Verstegan, Restitution of Decayed Intelligence, in Antiquities: Concerning the Most Noble, and Renowned English Nation:
      [] for pronouncing according as one would ſay at London I would eat more cheeſe if I had it, the Northern man ſaith, Ay ſuld eat mare cheeſe gin ay hadet, and the Weſterne man ſaith Chud eat more cheeſe an chad it.
    • 1804, Robert Couper, Poetry, I. 196:
      Gin the plough rests on the bank, / The loom, the nation, dies.
    • 1809, Thomas Donaldson, Poems, section 76:
      An' gin I'm weel and can keep sober / You may look for it in October.
    • 1815, Robert Anderson, Ballads in the Cumberland dialect, page 152:
      He's get han' and siller, / Gin he fancies me.
    • 1860, J. P. K. Shuttleworth, Scarsdale; Or, Life on the Lancashire and Yorkshire Border, Thirty Years Ago, page 158:
      yon felley at Barleigh has wrote farrantly (fairly) to my naunt; gin Robin could bur see ť letter he'd foind no fawt wi' me.
    • 1870, John Christopher Atkinson, Lost; or, What came of a slip from 'honour bright'., page 19:
      Wheeah, Ah thinks thee could, gin ye tried.
    • 1876, Mrs. George Linnaeus Banks, The Manchester Man, page 15:
      "Aw'd never ha slept i' mi bed gin that little un had bin dreawnded, an' me lookin' on loike a stump. Neay; that lass wur Bess, moi wench. We'n no notion wheer th' lad's mother is." Mr. Clough would have pressed the money upon him, but he put it back with a motion of his han.
    • 1880, Wooers, Banks, I. iv:
      [] gin schoo sets off in a tantrum an' flaah's t'mistress wiv her blutherin []
References
  1. 1.0 1.1 1.2 gin”, in Dictionary.com Unabridged, Dictionary.com, LLC, 1995–present.

Anagrams

Czech

Alternative forms

Etymology

Borrowed from English gin.

Pronunciation

Noun

gin m inan

  1. gin (alcoholic beverage)

Declension

Further reading

  • gin”, in Příruční slovník jazyka českého (in Czech), 1935–1957
  • gin”, in Slovník spisovného jazyka českého (in Czech), 1960–1971, 1989

Finnish

Etymology

< English gin

Noun

gin

  1. (rare) Alternative spelling of gini (gin).

Declension

Inflection of gin (Kotus type 5/risti, no gradation)
nominative gin ginit
genitive ginin ginien
partitive giniä ginejä
illative giniin gineihin
singular plural
nominative gin ginit
accusative nom. gin ginit
gen. ginin
genitive ginin ginien
partitive giniä ginejä
inessive ginissä gineissä
elative ginistä gineistä
illative giniin gineihin
adessive ginillä gineillä
ablative giniltä gineiltä
allative ginille gineille
essive gininä gineinä
translative giniksi gineiksi
abessive ginittä gineittä
instructive ginein
comitative See the possessive forms below.
Possessive forms of gin (Kotus type 5/risti, no gradation)
first-person singular possessor
singular plural
nominative ginini ginini
accusative nom. ginini ginini
gen. ginini
genitive ginini ginieni
partitive giniäni ginejäni
inessive ginissäni gineissäni
elative ginistäni gineistäni
illative giniini gineihini
adessive ginilläni gineilläni
ablative giniltäni gineiltäni
allative ginilleni gineilleni
essive gininäni gineinäni
translative ginikseni gineikseni
abessive ginittäni gineittäni
instructive
comitative gineineni
second-person singular possessor
singular plural
nominative ginisi ginisi
accusative nom. ginisi ginisi
gen. ginisi
genitive ginisi giniesi
partitive giniäsi ginejäsi
inessive ginissäsi gineissäsi
elative ginistäsi gineistäsi
illative giniisi gineihisi
adessive ginilläsi gineilläsi
ablative giniltäsi gineiltäsi
allative ginillesi gineillesi
essive gininäsi gineinäsi
translative giniksesi gineiksesi
abessive ginittäsi gineittäsi
instructive
comitative gineinesi
first-person plural possessor
singular plural
nominative ginimme ginimme
accusative nom. ginimme ginimme
gen. ginimme
genitive ginimme giniemme
partitive giniämme ginejämme
inessive ginissämme gineissämme
elative ginistämme gineistämme
illative giniimme gineihimme
adessive ginillämme gineillämme
ablative giniltämme gineiltämme
allative ginillemme gineillemme
essive gininämme gineinämme
translative giniksemme gineiksemme
abessive ginittämme gineittämme
instructive
comitative gineinemme
second-person plural possessor
singular plural
nominative gininne gininne
accusative nom. gininne gininne
gen. gininne
genitive gininne ginienne
partitive giniänne ginejänne
inessive ginissänne gineissänne
elative ginistänne gineistänne
illative giniinne gineihinne
adessive ginillänne gineillänne
ablative giniltänne gineiltänne
allative ginillenne gineillenne
essive gininänne gineinänne
translative giniksenne gineiksenne
abessive ginittänne gineittänne
instructive
comitative gineinenne

Further reading

French

Etymology

Borrowed from English gin.

Pronunciation

Noun

gin m (plural gins)

  1. gin

Further reading

Irish

Etymology

From Old Irish gein, verbal noun of gainithir (is born), from Proto-Celtic *ganyetor (compare Welsh geni (be born, bear)) from Proto-Indo-European *ǵenh₁- (compare English kin, Latin gignō (beget, bear), Ancient Greek γίγνομαι (gígnomai, become), Sanskrit जनति (janati, beget)).

Pronunciation

Noun

gin f (genitive singular gine, nominative plural ginte)

  1. begetting, birth
  2. fetus
  3. offspring, child, person
  4. generating source

Declension

Declension of gin (second declension)
bare forms
case singular plural
nominative gin ginte
vocative a ghin a ghinte
genitive gine ginte
dative gin ginte
forms with the definite article
case singular plural
nominative an ghin na ginte
genitive na gine na nginte
dative leis an ngin
don ghin
leis na ginte

Derived terms

Verb

gin (present analytic gineann, future analytic ginfidh, verbal noun giniúint, past participle ginte)

  1. give birth to (used only in the autonomous form)
  2. germinate, sprout; spring forth; originate
  3. beget, procreate
  4. generate, produce

Conjugation

Derived terms

Mutation

Mutated forms of gin
radical lenition eclipsis
gin ghin ngin

Note: Certain mutated forms of some words can never occur in standard Modern Irish.
All possible mutated forms are displayed for convenience.

References

Janday

Noun

gin

  1. woman, girl

Further reading

  • John Gladstone Steele, Aboriginal Pathways: in Southeast Queensland and the Richmond River

Japanese

Romanization

gin

  1. Rōmaji transcription of ぎん

Louisiana Creole

Etymology

Inherited from French gagner (to earn, to gain).

Pronunciation

Verb

gin

  1. (transitive) to have (to own, to possess)
    Mâ tant gin dé sœr.My aunt has two sisters.
  2. (transitive) to have under one's control, in one's power
  3. (transitive) to have (a condition), to be
    Mo gin swaf.I'm thirsty. (literally, “I have thirst.”)
    Mo gin pœr.I'm scared. (literally, “I have fear.”)
  4. (transitive) to be (an age)
    Li gin 19 zan.She's 19 years old. (literally, “She has 19 years.”)
  5. (copulative) to get, to become
  6. (transitive) to get, to make (cause someone or something to do something)
  7. (auxiliary) to have to
    Synonyms: bezwin, dwa, gin pou, ifo
  8. (auxiliary) should
    Synonym:
  9. (auxiliary) to be going to, will
    Synonyms: a, alé, kouri, va

Usage notes

  • Mirrors the use of French avoir (to have) in some ways. For example, Louisiana Creole gin pou mirrors French avoir pour (to be obligated to).

Derived terms

Mandarin

Romanization

gin

  1. Nonstandard spelling of gīn.

Usage notes

  • Transcriptions of Mandarin into the Latin script often do not distinguish between the critical tonal differences employed in the Mandarin language, using words such as this one without indication of tone.

Polish

Polish Wikipedia has an article on:
Wikipedia pl

Alternative forms

Etymology

Unadapted borrowing from English gin.

Pronunciation

Noun

gin m inan

  1. gin (alcoholic beverage)

Declension

Further reading

  • gin in Wielki słownik języka polskiego, Instytut Języka Polskiego PAN
  • gin in Polish dictionaries at PWN

Portuguese

Etymology

Unadapted borrowing from English gin.

Noun

gin m (invariable)

  1. Alternative form of gim

Romanian

Etymology

Borrowed from English gin.

Noun

gin n (plural ginuri)

  1. gin

Declension

singular plural
indefinite definite indefinite definite
nominative-accusative gin ginul ginuri ginurile
genitive-dative gin ginului ginuri ginurilor
vocative ginule ginurilor

Scots

Pronunciation

Etymology 1

Cognate to dialectal English gin (if), which see for more.

Conjunction

gin

  1. if (conditional; subjunctive)
    Gin A war ye, A wad gang.If I were you, I would go.
    • 1778, Alexander Ross, Fortunate Shepherdess, page 124:
      Then says the squire,
      Gin that be all your fear,
      She sanna want a man, for want of gear.
      A thousand pounds a year, well burthen free,
      I mak her sure of, gin she'll gang with me.
      (please add an English translation of this quotation)

Etymology 2

From Old English .

Preposition

gin

  1. Against; nearby; towards.
    gin night(please add an English translation of this usage example)

Scottish Gaelic

Etymology

From Old Irish gainithir (is born),[1] from Proto-Celtic *ganyetor (compare Welsh geni (be born, bear)) from Proto-Indo-European *ǵenh₁- (compare English kin, Latin gignō (beget, bear), Ancient Greek γίγνομαι (gígnomai, become), Sanskrit जनति (janati, beget)).

Pronunciation

Verb

gin (past ghin, future ginidh, verbal noun gintinn, past participle ginte)

  1. beget, produce, father
  2. create, engender
  3. procreate, reproduce
  4. breed
  5. (computing) generate

Derived terms

Pronoun

gin f

  1. any, anything
  2. anyone, anybody
    cha robh gin ann a-raoirthere was nobody/none there last night

Mutation

Mutation of gin
radical lenition
gin ghin

Note: Certain mutated forms of some words can never occur in standard Scottish Gaelic.
All possible mutated forms are displayed for convenience.

References

  1. ^ Gregory Toner, Sharon Arbuthnot, Máire Ní Mhaonaigh, Marie-Luise Theuerkauf, Dagmar Wodtko, editors (2019), “gainithir”, in eDIL: Electronic Dictionary of the Irish Language
  2. ^ Oftedal, M. (1956) A linguistic survey of the Gaelic dialects of Scotland, Vol. III: The Gaelic of Leurbost, Isle of Lewis, Oslo: Norsk Tidsskrift for Sprogvidenskap, page 216

Further reading

  • Edward Dwelly (1911) “gin”, in Faclair Gàidhlig gu Beurla le Dealbhan [The Illustrated Gaelic–English Dictionary]‎, 10th edition, Edinburgh: Birlinn Limited, →ISBN
  • MacBain, Alexander, Mackay, Eneas (1911) “gin”, in An Etymological Dictionary of the Gaelic Language, Stirling, →ISBN

Spanish

Etymology

Borrowed from English gin.

Pronunciation

 
  • IPA(key): (everywhere but Argentina and Uruguay) /ˈʝin/
  • IPA(key): (Buenos Aires and environs) /ˈʃin/
  • IPA(key): (elsewhere in Argentina and Uruguay) /ˈʒin/

Noun

gin m (plural gines)

  1. gin
    Synonym: ginebra

Further reading

Sumerian

Romanization

gin

  1. Romanization of 𒁺 (gin)

Swedish

Etymology

Borrowed from English gin.

Pronunciation

Noun

gin c or n

  1. gin (liquor)

Declension

Declension of gin
nominative genitive
singular indefinite gin gins
definite ginen ginens
plural indefinite
definite
Declension of gin
nominative genitive
singular indefinite gin gins
definite ginet ginets
plural indefinite
definite

See also

References

Anagrams

Welsh

Alternative forms

Pronunciation

Pronoun

gin

  1. (colloquial) (North Wales) first-person singular of gan
  2. (colloquial) (North Wales) second-person singular of gan

Wiradjuri

Noun

gin

  1. Alternative spelling of geen

Yola

Etymology

Compare Scots gin.

Pronunciation

Conjunction

gin

  1. if
    Synonym: yith
    • 1927, “THE FORTH MAN'S GRACE AFTER A SCANTY DINNER”, in THE ANCIENT DIALECT OF THE BARONIES OF FORTH AND BARGY, COUNTY WEXFORD, page 137, line 3:
      Gin we have no mo' maate, it maakes no mo' matter,

References

  • Kathleen A. Browne (1927) The Journal of the Royal Society of Antiquaries of Ireland Sixth Series, Vol.17 No.2, Royal Society of Antiquaries of Ireland, page 137

Yoruba

Pronunciation

Verb

gin

  1. (Igbomina) to chip off a small part of something
    Synonym: yin
    ìyá gin uṣu ọmọ lọ́wọ́The mother chipped off a small part of a yam to give to the child
  2. (Igbomina) to trim the edges of something with a razor
    babá gin irun ọmọ náàThe father trimmed the edges of the child's hair