ginti

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See also: ģintī and ģinti

Aromanian

Noun

ginti f

  1. Alternative form of gintã

Lithuanian

Etymology 1

From Proto-Balto-Slavic, from Proto-Indo-European *gʷʰen-.[1][2]

Cognate with Latvian dzīt,[2] Old Prussian guntwei,[2] Polish gnać (“to rush”),[2][3] Ancient Greek θείνω (theínō, “to kill”)[2] and Sanskrit हन्ति (hánti, “to slay”).[2] See also ganýti (“to graze”).

Pronunciation

Audio; “giñti”:(file)

Verb

giñti (third-person present tense gẽna, third-person past tense gìnė) [4]

  1. (transitive) to drive (especially animals)
  2. to chase
Conjugation
Conjugation of ginti
singular
(vienaskaita) 		plural
(daugiskaita)
1st person
(pirmasis asmuo) 		2nd person
(antrasis asmuo) 		3rd person
(trečiasis asmuo) 		1st person
(pirmasis asmuo) 		2nd person
(antrasis asmuo) 		3rd person
(trečiasis asmuo)
aš tu jis/ji mes jūs jie/jos
indicative
(tiesioginė
nuosaka) 		present
(esamasis laikas) 		genu geni gena gename,
genam 		genate,
genat 		gena
past
(būtasis kartinis
laikas) 		giniau ginei ginė ginėme,
ginėm 		ginėte,
ginėt 		ginė
past frequentative
(būtasis dažninis
laikas) 		gindavau gindavai gindavo gindavome,
gindavom 		gindavote,
gindavot 		gindavo
future
(būsimasis laikas) 		ginsiu ginsi gins ginsime,
ginsim 		ginsite,
ginsit 		gins
subjunctive
(tariamoji nuosaka) 		ginčiau gintum gintų gintumėme,
gintumėm,
gintume 		gintumėte,
gintumėt 		gintų
imperative
(liepiamoji nuosaka) 		— gink,
ginki 		tegena ginkime,
ginkim 		ginkite,
ginkit 		tegena
Participles of ginti
Adjectival (dalyviai)
active passive
present genąs, genantis genamas
past ginęs gintas
past frequentative gindavęs —
future ginsiąs, ginsiantis ginsimas
participle of necessity — gintinas
Adverbial
special (pusdalyvis) gindamas
half-participle
(padalyviai) 		present genant
past ginus
past frequentative gindavus
future ginsiant
manner of action (būdinys) ginte, gintinai
Synonyms
Derived terms
Verbs

(prefixed forms)

Participle

gintì m (past passive)

  1. nominative masculine plural of giñtas

Etymology 2

Probably the same as Etymology 1, though the origin of the acute tone is unclear.[5]

Pronunciation

Audio; “gìnti”:(file)

Verb

gìnti (third-person present tense gìna, third-person past tense gýnė) [6]

  1. (transitive) to defend[7]
  2. to prohibit
Conjugation
Conjugation of ginti
singular
(vienaskaita) 		plural
(daugiskaita)
1st person
(pirmasis asmuo) 		2nd person
(antrasis asmuo) 		3rd person
(trečiasis asmuo) 		1st person
(pirmasis asmuo) 		2nd person
(antrasis asmuo) 		3rd person
(trečiasis asmuo)
aš tu jis/ji mes jūs jie/jos
indicative
(tiesioginė
nuosaka) 		present
(esamasis laikas) 		ginù ginì gìna gìname,
gìnam 		gìnate,
gìnat 		gìna
past
(būtasis kartinis
laikas) 		gýnau gýnai gýno gýnome,
gýnom 		gýnote,
gýnot 		gýno
past frequentative
(būtasis dažninis
laikas) 		giñdavau giñdavai giñdavo giñdavome,
giñdavom 		giñdavote,
giñdavot 		giñdavo
future
(būsimasis laikas) 		giñsiu giñsi giñs giñsime,
giñsim 		giñsite,
giñsit 		giñs
subjunctive
(tariamoji nuosaka) 		giñčiau giñtum giñtų giñtumėme,
giñtumėm,
giñtume 		giñtumėte,
giñtumėt 		giñtų
imperative
(liepiamoji nuosaka) 		— giñk,
giñki 		tegìna giñkime,
giñkim 		giñkite,
giñkit 		tegìna
Participles of ginti
Adjectival (dalyviai)
active passive
present gìnąs, gìnantis gìnamas
past gýnęs giñtas
past frequentative giñdavęs —
future giñsiąs, giñsiantis giñsimas
participle of necessity — giñtinas
Adverbial
special (pusdalyvis) giñdamas
half-participle
(padalyviai) 		present gìnant
past gýnus
past frequentative giñdavus
future giñsiant
manner of action (būdinys) giñte, giñtinai
Synonyms
Derived terms
Verbs

(prefixed forms)

Nouns

Participle

gintì m (past passive)

  1. nominative masculine plural of gìntas

References

  1. ^ Derksen, Rick (2015) “ginti I”, in Etymological Dictionary of the Baltic Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 13), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 177
  2. ↑ 2.0 2.1 2.2 2.3 2.4 2.5 Derksen, Rick (2008) Etymological Dictionary of the Slavic Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 4), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 197
  3. ^ Brückner, Aleksander (1927) “gnać”, in Słownik etymologiczny języka polskiego [Etymological Dictionary of the Polish Language] (in Polish), Warsaw: Wiedza Powszechna, page 146
  4. ^ “giñti” in Balčikonis, Juozas et al. (1954), Dabartinės lietuvių kalbos žodynas. Vilnius: Valstybinė politinės ir mokslinės literatūros leidykla.
  5. ^ Derksen, Rick (2015) “ginti II”, in Etymological Dictionary of the Baltic Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 13), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, pages 177-8
  6. ^ “gìnti” in Balčikonis, op. cit.
  7. ^ “ginti” in Martsinkyavitshute, Victoria (1993), Hippocrene Concise Dictionary: Lithuanian-English/English-Lithuanian. New York: Hippocrene Books. →ISBN
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