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English
Etymology 1
From Middle English goute, from Old French gote, gute, from Latin gutta (“drop”). Compare Spanish gota (“drop, droplet”). Doublet of goutte, gutta, and gutter.
The sense shift derived from humorism and "the notion of the 'dropping' of a morbid material from the blood in and around the joints".
Pronunciation
Noun
gout (countable and uncountable, plural gouts)
- (uncountable, pathology) An extremely painful inflammation of joints, especially of the big toe, caused by a metabolic defect resulting in the accumulation of uric acid in the blood and the deposition of urates around the joints.
- Synonyms: crystalline arthritis, gouty arthritis, urarthritis, rich man's disease
- Hypernym: arthritis
2020 November 13, Ligaya Mishan, “Once the Disease of Gluttonous Aristocrats, Gout Is Now Tormenting the Masses”, in The New York Times, →ISSN:Once gout was confined largely to Western civilization (with some outliers, like the Mongol ruler Kublai Khan); now its ravages are global.
- (usually followed by of) A spurt or splotch.
c. 1606 (date written), William Shakespeare, “The Tragedie of Macbeth”, in Mr. William Shakespeares Comedies, Histories, & Tragedies (First Folio), London: Isaac Iaggard, and Ed Blount, published 1623, →OCLC, , page 136:I see thee still, / And on thy blade and dudgeon gouts of blood.
1981, P. D. James, chapter 20, in Children of Men, page 137:[S]mall chunks of rubble and gouts of soot had fallen from the chimney, and were ground into the rug under his unwary feet.
- (rare) A disease of wheat and cornstalks, caused by insect larvae.
Alternative forms
Derived terms
Related terms
Descendants
Translations
arthritic disease
- Albanian: gutë f, podagër f
- Arabic: رَثْيَة f (raṯya)
- Armenian: հոդատապ (hy) (hodatap), պոդագրա (hy) (podagra)
- Azerbaijani: podaqra
- Basque: hezueri
- Bulgarian: подагра (bg) f (podagra)
- Catalan: gota (ca) f
- Chinese:
- Cantonese: 痛風/痛风 (tung3 fung1)
- Mandarin: 痛風/痛风 (zh) (tòngfēng)
- Czech: dna (cs) f, pakostnice (cs) f
- Danish: gigt c
- Dutch: jicht (nl) m
- Elfdalian: djikt f
- Esperanto: podagro
- Estonian: please add this translation if you can
- Faroese: gikt f
- Finnish: kihti (fi)
- French: goutte (fr) f
- Galician: gota (gl) f
- Georgian: ნიკრისის ქარი (niḳrisis kari)
- German: Gicht (de) f
- Greek: ποδάγρα (el) f (podágra), ουρική αρθρίτιδα f (ourikí arthrítida)
- Ancient: ποδάγρα f (podágra)
- Greenlandic: gigti, avallunneq
- Hebrew: שגדון m (shigadon)
- Hindi: वातरक्त (hi) (vātrakt)
- Hungarian: köszvény (hu)
- Icelandic: gigt (is) f
- Indonesian: asam urat
- Italian: gotta (it), podagra (it) (when affecting the feet)
- Japanese: 痛風 (ja) (つうふう tsūfū)
- Kazakh: тұзжиналу (tūzjinalu)
- Khmer: please add this translation if you can
- Korean: 통풍(痛風) (tongpung)
- Lao: ເກົາ (lo) (kao)
- Latin: podagra f, gutta
- Latvian: podagra f
- Lithuanian: podagra f
- Luxembourgish: Giicht f
- Maori: porohau, koute
- Mongolian:
- Cyrillic: тулай өвчин (tulaj övčin), тулайтах (tulajtax)
- Mongolian: ᠲᠤᠯᠠᠢ
ᠡᠪᠡᠳᠴᠢᠨ (tulai ebedčin), ᠲᠤᠯᠠᠶᠢᠲᠣᠬᠤ (tulayitoqu)
- Nepali: बात (bāt), बाथ (bāth), गाउट (gāuṭ), युरिक एसिडको रोग (yurik esiḍko rog)
- Northern Sami: leasmi, leasmedávda
- Norwegian:
- Bokmål: gikt
- Nynorsk: gikt
- Old English: fōtādl f
- Polish: dna (pl)
- Portuguese: gota (pt) f
- Punjabi: ਗਾਊਟ m (gāūṭa)
- Romanian: gută (ro) f, podagră (ro) f
- Romansch: gutta f
- Russian: пода́гра (ru) f (podágra)
- Serbo-Croatian: kostobolja (sh) f
- Slovak: dna (sk) f
- Slovene: protin
- Sorbian:
- Lower Sorbian: popajź f
- Upper Sorbian: wić f
- Spanish: gota (es) f
- Swedish: gikt (sv) c
- Tagalog: piyo, gota
- Thai: เกาต์ (th) (gáo)
- Turkish: gut (tr)
- Vietnamese: thống phong (vi) (痛風 (vi))
- Volapük: gig (vo), (foot) futagig, (shoulder) jotagig
- Zazaki: bılık
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Verb
gout (third-person singular simple present gouts, present participle gouting, simple past and past participle gouted)
- (intransitive) To spurt.
2001, Stephen King, Peter Straub, Black House:Dark blood gouts from the creature's brisket.
References
- ^ “gout, n.1”, in Oxford English Dictionary, Second edition, 1989, 2011 September 18 (last accessed)
- ^ Oxford English Dictionary, second edition (1989)
Etymology 2
French goût
Noun
gout (plural gouts)
- (obsolete) Taste; relish.
1838, [Letitia Elizabeth] Landon (indicated as editor), chapter XVIII, in Duty and Inclination: , volume III, London: Henry Colburn, , →OCLC, page 232:After a time, however, he became more sensible of the reviving influence proceeding from renewed energy; luxurious indolence had for ever lost to him its goût; […]
1870, The Cook and Housewife's Manual, 5th edition:A modern refinement is to put laver in the dripping-pan, which, in basting, imparts a high gout: or a large saddle may be served over a pound and a half of laver, stewed in brown sauce with catsup […]
Related terms
References
French
Pronunciation
Noun
gout m (plural gouts)
- post-1990 spelling of goût
Further reading
Middle Dutch
Etymology
From Old Dutch golt
Pronunciation
Noun
gout n (stem goud-)
- gold
Alternative forms
- golt (Rhinelandic, Limburgish)
Descendants
Further reading