gouverner

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See also: gouvèrner

French

Etymology

Inherited from Old French governer, guverner, from Latin gubernāre, from Ancient Greek κυβερνάω (kubernáō, “to steer, drive, govern”).

Pronunciation

  • IPA(key): /ɡu.vɛʁ.ne/
  • Audio(file)

Verb

gouverner

  1. to govern
  2. to steer

Conjugation

Conjugation of gouverner (see also Appendix:French verbs)
infinitive simple gouverner
compound avoir + past participle
present participle or gerund1 simple gouvernant
/ɡu.vɛʁ.nɑ̃/
compound ayant + past participle
past participle gouverné
/ɡu.vɛʁ.ne/
singular plural
first second third first second third
indicative je (j’) tu il, elle, on nous vous ils, elles
(simple
tenses) 		present gouverne
/ɡu.vɛʁn/ 		gouvernes
/ɡu.vɛʁn/ 		gouverne
/ɡu.vɛʁn/ 		gouvernons
/ɡu.vɛʁ.nɔ̃/ 		gouvernez
/ɡu.vɛʁ.ne/ 		gouvernent
/ɡu.vɛʁn/
imperfect gouvernais
/ɡu.vɛʁ.nɛ/ 		gouvernais
/ɡu.vɛʁ.nɛ/ 		gouvernait
/ɡu.vɛʁ.nɛ/ 		gouvernions
/ɡu.vɛʁ.njɔ̃/ 		gouverniez
/ɡu.vɛʁ.nje/ 		gouvernaient
/ɡu.vɛʁ.nɛ/
past historic2 gouvernai
/ɡu.vɛʁ.ne/ 		gouvernas
/ɡu.vɛʁ.na/ 		gouverna
/ɡu.vɛʁ.na/ 		gouvernâmes
/ɡu.vɛʁ.nam/ 		gouvernâtes
/ɡu.vɛʁ.nat/ 		gouvernèrent
/ɡu.vɛʁ.nɛʁ/
future gouvernerai
/ɡu.vɛʁ.nə.ʁe/ 		gouverneras
/ɡu.vɛʁ.nə.ʁa/ 		gouvernera
/ɡu.vɛʁ.nə.ʁa/ 		gouvernerons
/ɡu.vɛʁ.nə.ʁɔ̃/ 		gouvernerez
/ɡu.vɛʁ.nə.ʁe/ 		gouverneront
/ɡu.vɛʁ.nə.ʁɔ̃/
conditional gouvernerais
/ɡu.vɛʁ.nə.ʁɛ/ 		gouvernerais
/ɡu.vɛʁ.nə.ʁɛ/ 		gouvernerait
/ɡu.vɛʁ.nə.ʁɛ/ 		gouvernerions
/ɡu.vɛʁ.nə.ʁjɔ̃/ 		gouverneriez
/ɡu.vɛʁ.nə.ʁje/ 		gouverneraient
/ɡu.vɛʁ.nə.ʁɛ/
(compound
tenses) 		present perfect present indicative of avoir + past participle
pluperfect imperfect indicative of avoir + past participle
past anterior2 past historic of avoir + past participle
future perfect future of avoir + past participle
conditional perfect conditional of avoir + past participle
subjunctive que je (j’) que tu qu’il, qu’elle que nous que vous qu’ils, qu’elles
(simple
tenses) 		present gouverne
/ɡu.vɛʁn/ 		gouvernes
/ɡu.vɛʁn/ 		gouverne
/ɡu.vɛʁn/ 		gouvernions
/ɡu.vɛʁ.njɔ̃/ 		gouverniez
/ɡu.vɛʁ.nje/ 		gouvernent
/ɡu.vɛʁn/
imperfect2 gouvernasse
/ɡu.vɛʁ.nas/ 		gouvernasses
/ɡu.vɛʁ.nas/ 		gouvernât
/ɡu.vɛʁ.na/ 		gouvernassions
/ɡu.vɛʁ.na.sjɔ̃/ 		gouvernassiez
/ɡu.vɛʁ.na.sje/ 		gouvernassent
/ɡu.vɛʁ.nas/
(compound
tenses) 		past present subjunctive of avoir + past participle
pluperfect2 imperfect subjunctive of avoir + past participle
imperative – tu – nous vous –
simple — gouverne
/ɡu.vɛʁn/ 		— gouvernons
/ɡu.vɛʁ.nɔ̃/ 		gouvernez
/ɡu.vɛʁ.ne/ 		—
compound — simple imperative of avoir + past participle — simple imperative of avoir + past participle simple imperative of avoir + past participle —
1 The French gerund is usable only with the preposition en.
2 In less formal writing or speech, these tenses may be found to have been replaced in the following way:
  • past historic → present perfect
  • past anterior → pluperfect
  • imperfect subjunctive → present subjunctive
  • pluperfect subjunctive → past subjunctive

(Christopher Kendris , Master the Basics: French, pp. 77, 78, 79, 81).

Related terms

Descendants

  • → Romanian: guverna

Further reading

Middle French

Etymology

From Old French governer, guverner.

Verb

gouverner

  1. to govern
  2. to steer (a vehicle, etc.)

Conjugation

  • Middle French conjugation varies from one text to another. Hence, the following conjugation should be considered as typical, not as exhaustive.
Conjugation of gouverner
infinitive simple gouverner
compound avoir + past participle
present participle1 or gerund2 simple gouvernant
compound present participle or gerund of avoir + past participle
past participle gouverné
singular plural
first second third first second third
indicative ie (i’) tu il, elle nous vous ilz, elles
(simple
tenses) 		present gouverne gouvernes gouverne gouvernons gouvernez gouvernent
imperfect gouvernois, gouvernoys gouvernois, gouvernoys gouvernoit, gouvernoyt gouvernions, gouvernyons gouverniez, gouvernyez gouvernoient, gouvernoyent
past historic gouverna gouvernas gouverna gouvernasmes gouvernastes gouvernerent
future gouvernerai, gouverneray gouverneras gouvernera gouvernerons gouvernerez gouverneront
conditional gouvernerois, gouverneroys gouvernerois, gouverneroys gouverneroit, gouverneroyt gouvernerions, gouverneryons gouverneriez, gouverneryez gouverneroient, gouverneroyent
(compound
tenses) 		present perfect present indicative of avoir + past participle
pluperfect imperfect indicative of avoir + past participle
past anterior past historic of avoir + past participle
future perfect future of avoir + past participle
conditional perfect conditional of avoir + past participle
subjunctive que ie (i’) que tu qu’il, qu’elle que nous que vous qu’ilz, qu’elles
(simple
tenses) 		present gouverne gouvernes gouverne gouvernons gouvernez gouvernent
imperfect gouvernasse gouvernasses gouvernast gouvernassions gouvernassiez gouvernassent
(compound
tenses) 		past present subjunctive of avoir + past participle
pluperfect imperfect subjunctive of avoir + past participle
imperative – tu – nous vous –
simple — gouverne — gouvernons gouvernez —
compound — simple imperative of avoir + past participle — simple imperative of avoir + past participle simple imperative of avoir + past participle —
1 The present participle was variable in gender and number until the 17th century (Anne Sancier-Château , Une esthétique nouvelle: Honoré d'Urfé, correcteur de l'Astrée, p. 179). The French Academy would eventually declare it not to be declined in 1679.
2 The gerund was held to be invariable by grammarians of the early 17th century, and was usable with preposition en, as in Modern French, although the preposition was not mandatory (Anne Sancier-Château , op. cit., p. 180).

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