grūts

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See also: Gruts

Latvian

Etymology

From Proto-Baltic *grūtas, from Proto-Indo-European *gʷru-to-s, from the stem *gʷréh₂us. Cognates include Gothic 𐌺𐌰𐌿𐍂𐌾𐍉𐍃 (kaurjōs) (plural), Sanskrit गुरुः (gurúḥ), Ancient Greek βαρύς (barús) (< *gʷerù-), Latin brūtus (< *gʷru-), gravis (< *gʷrəu-).[1]

Pronunciation

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Adjective

grūts (definite grūtais, comparative grūtāks, superlative visgrūtākais, adverb grūti)

  1. tough, arduous, difficult (which needs great physical force, great physical strain to be carried out)
    grūts darbstough, hard work
    grūts ceļojumsarduous journey
    izcīnīt grūtu uzvaruto win a difficult victory
    aiz krūmiem darbs bija grūtāksbehind the bushes the work was harder
  2. difficult, tough, hard, complicated (which needs great mental effort for its realization, solution, acquisition or disposition)
    grūts eksāmensa difficult exam
    grūts jautājumsa tough question
    grūts aritmētikas uzdevumsa difficult arithmetic problem
    grūts dzejolisa difficult poem
    grūta izvēlea difficult choice
    māte neatbildēja; zinātkārīgā puisēna jautājums varbūt viņai bija par grūtuthe mother didn't answer; the curious boy's question was maybe too difficult for her
  3. difficult (which involves some unpleasant experience or unpleasant feelings for its realization)
    grūta sarunaa difficult conversation
    grūta atzīšanāsa difficult confession
    nezinu, tas laikam ir pats grūtākais: būt vienaldzīgam, izlikties, ka visu jau zini arī tad, kad tavā priekšā atklājas pilnīgi jauna pasauleI don't know, maybe this is the most difficult: to be indifferent, to pretend that you know everything already, when right in front of you a whole new world opens up
  4. difficult, hard, tough (involving hard work, complicated or embarrassing circumstances, hardships, conflicts, etc.)
    grūti mājas apstākļidifficult home circumstances
    grūta nedēļadifficult week
    pārdzīvot grūtus gadusto survive difficult years
    mēs zinām, ka šis ir grūts laiks, ļoti grūts laiks gan karavīriem frontē, gan jumswe know that these are difficult times, very difficult times, both for the soldiers at the front and for you
  5. difficult, hard, tough, heavy (causing or expressing suffering, emotional distress)
    grūti pārdzīvojumidifficult experiences
    grūtas nopūtasheavy sighs
    ar grūtu, smagu sirdiwith a heavy heart (= in a sad, depressed mood)
    tikai pēc laba brīža Līzbete attapās no grūtām, grūtām domām un izdvesa gari stieptā nopūtāonly after a good (= long) moment Līzbete recovered from her difficult, hard thoughts and let out a long sigh
  6. difficult, hard, tough (involving strong physical pain, debilitation, or other negative physical conditions)
    grūta slimībadifficult, hard disease
    grūta operācijadifficult operation, surgery
    slimnieka stāvoklis bija grūtsthe patient's condition was difficult
    purva smaka padarīja elpu grūtuthe swamp smell made breathing difficult
    taču dzemdības izrādījās ļoti grūtas, ar visādām komplikācijāmbut the birth turned out to be very difficult, with all kinds of complications
  7. (of feelings, memories) difficult (having gaps; incomplete)
    grūta atmiņadifficult memory (= difficult to remember)
    grūta galvadifficult head (= person prone to forgetting, not good at understanding)
  8. (colloquial) pregnant
    Ieva tapa grūta un dzemdējaIeva became pregnant and gave birth
    būt uz grūtām kājāmto be on heavy feet (= to be pregnant)

Declension

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References

  1. ^ Karulis, Konstantīns (1992) “grūts”, in Latviešu Etimoloģijas Vārdnīca (in Latvian), Rīga: AVOTS, →ISBN