grian

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See also: grían, grian-, griən, and gri͡an

Bavarian

Alternative forms

Etymology

From Old High German gruoni, from Proto-West Germanic *grōnī, from Proto-Germanic *grōniz. Cognate with German grün, Dutch groen, English green, Icelandic grænn.

Adjective

grian

  1. (Timau) green

References

Irish

Pronunciation

  • IPA(key): /ɟɾʲiən̪ˠ/, /ɟɾʲiənˠ/

Etymology 1

an ghrian

From Old Irish grían (“sun”), from Proto-Celtic *greinā.

Noun

grian f (genitive singular gréine, nominative plural grianta)

  1. (the) sun
  2. (figuratively) paragon
Declension
Declension of grian (second declension)
bare forms
singular plural
nominative grian grianta
vocative a ghrian a ghrianta
genitive gréine grianta
dative grian
gréin (in certain phrases) 		grianta
forms with the definite article
singular plural
nominative an ghrian na grianta
genitive na gréine na ngrianta
dative leis an ngrian
don ghrian 		leis na grianta

Archaic weak plural forms:

Derived terms

Verb

grian (present analytic grianann, future analytic grianfaidh, verbal noun grianadh, past participle grianta) (transitive)

  1. to sun (expose to the warmth and radiation of the sun)
  2. (photography) to solarize (subject to solarization)
Conjugation
conjugation of grian (first conjugation – A)
verbal noun grianadh
past participle grianta
tense singular plural relative autonomous
first second third first second third
indicative
present grianaim grianann tú;
grianair† 		grianann sé, sí grianaimid grianann sibh grianann siad;
grianaid† 		a ghrianann; a ghrianas /
a ngrianann* 		griantar
past ghrian mé; ghrianas ghrian tú; ghrianais ghrian sé, sí ghrianamar; ghrian muid ghrian sibh; ghrianabhair ghrian siad; ghrianadar a ghrian /
ar ghrian* 		grianadh
past habitual ghrianainn / ngrianainn‡‡ ghriantá / ngriantᇇ ghrianadh sé, sí / ngrianadh sé, s퇇 ghrianaimis; ghrianadh muid / ngrianaimis‡‡; ngrianadh muid‡‡ ghrianadh sibh / ngrianadh sibh‡‡ ghrianaidís; ghrianadh siad / ngrianaidís‡‡; ngrianadh siad‡‡ a ghrianadh /
a ngrianadh* 		ghriantaí / ngrianta퇇
future grianfaidh mé;
grianfad 		grianfaidh tú;
grianfair† 		grianfaidh sé, sí grianfaimid;
grianfaidh muid 		grianfaidh sibh grianfaidh siad;
grianfaid† 		a ghrianfaidh; a ghrianfas /
a ngrianfaidh* 		grianfar
conditional ghrianfainn / ngrianfainn‡‡ ghrianfá / ngrianfᇇ ghrianfadh sé, sí / ngrianfadh sé, s퇇 ghrianfaimis; ghrianfadh muid / ngrianfaimis‡‡; ngrianfadh muid‡‡ ghrianfadh sibh / ngrianfadh sibh‡‡ ghrianfaidís; ghrianfadh siad / ngrianfaidís‡‡; ngrianfadh siad‡‡ a ghrianfadh /
a ngrianfadh* 		ghrianfaí / ngrianfa퇇
subjunctive
present go ngriana mé;
go ngrianad† 		go ngriana tú;
go ngrianair† 		go ngriana sé, sí go ngrianaimid;
go ngriana muid 		go ngriana sibh go ngriana siad;
go ngrianaid† 		— go ngriantar
past dá ngrianainn dá ngriantá dá ngrianadh sé, sí dá ngrianaimis;
dá ngrianadh muid 		dá ngrianadh sibh dá ngrianaidís;
dá ngrianadh siad 		— dá ngriantaí
imperative
– grianaim grian grianadh sé, sí grianaimis grianaigí;
grianaidh† 		grianaidís — griantar

* indirect relative
† archaic or dialect form
‡‡ dependent form used with particles that trigger eclipsis

Etymology 2

From Old Irish grïan.

Noun

grian m (genitive singular griain)

  1. alternative form of grean (“gravel, grit; coarse sand”)
  2. bottom (of sea, lake, river)
  3. earth, ground, land
  4. surface

Mutation

Mutated forms of grian
radical lenition eclipsis
grian ghrian ngrian

Note: Certain mutated forms of some words can never occur in standard Modern Irish.
All possible mutated forms are displayed for convenience.

References

  1. ^ Sjoestedt, M. L. (1931) Phonétique d’un parler irlandais de Kerry (in French), Paris: Librairie Ernest Leroux, § 66, page 34
  2. ^ Finck, F. N. (1899) Die araner mundart (in German), Zweiter Band: Wörterbuch , Marburg: Elwert’sche Verlagsbuchhandlung, page 135
  3. ^ Quiggin, E. C. (1906) A Dialect of Donegal, Cambridge University Press, § 283, page 100
  4. ^ Gregory Toner, Sharon Arbuthnot, Máire Ní Mhaonaigh, Marie-Luise Theuerkauf, Dagmar Wodtko, editors (2019), “grían”, in eDIL: Electronic Dictionary of the Irish Language
  5. ^ Gregory Toner, Sharon Arbuthnot, Máire Ní Mhaonaigh, Marie-Luise Theuerkauf, Dagmar Wodtko, editors (2019), “grian”, in eDIL: Electronic Dictionary of the Irish Language

Further reading

Manx

Etymology

From Old Irish grían (“sun”), from Proto-Celtic *greinā.

Pronunciation

Noun

grian f (genitive singular greiney, plural grianyn)

  1. sun
    Plaasyn prinsoil glistral myr whilleen grian. ― Princely palaces shining like so many suns.
    Ta'n ghrian yial er chooilleen e jurnaa. ― The bright sun has finished her journey.
  2. sunlight
  3. sunshine

Synonyms

Derived terms

Mutation

Mutation of grian
radical lenition eclipsis
grian ghrian ngrian

Note: Certain mutated forms of some words can never occur in standard Manx.
All possible mutated forms are displayed for convenience.

References

  1. ^ Gregory Toner, Sharon Arbuthnot, Máire Ní Mhaonaigh, Marie-Luise Theuerkauf, Dagmar Wodtko, editors (2019), “grían”, in eDIL: Electronic Dictionary of the Irish Language

Old Irish

Etymology

Cognate to Welsh graean. The exact shape of their common etymon is obscure; Proto-Celtic *griyano- is one reconstruction.

Pronunciation

Noun

grïan (gender unknown)

  1. gravel
  2. sand
  3. bottom (of river)
  4. floor (of sea)

Inflection

The declension of this term is known to be an o-stem, but the gender is unknown. Both possibilities are presented here.

Masculine o-stem
singular dual plural
nominative grïan — —
vocative grïain — —
accusative grïanN — —
genitive grïainL — —
dative grïunL — —
Initial mutations of a following adjective:
  • H = triggers aspiration
  • L = triggers lenition
  • N = triggers nasalization
Neuter o-stem
singular dual plural
nominative grïanN — —
vocative grïanN — —
accusative grïanN — —
genitive grïainL — —
dative grïunL — —
Initial mutations of a following adjective:
  • H = triggers aspiration
  • L = triggers lenition
  • N = triggers nasalization

Descendants

  • Irish: grean

Mutation

Mutation of grian
radical lenition nasalization
grian grian
pronounced with /ɣʲ-/		 ngrian

Note: Certain mutated forms of some words can never occur in Old Irish.
All possible mutated forms are displayed for convenience.

Further reading

Scottish Gaelic

Etymology

From Old Irish grían (“sun”), from Proto-Celtic *greinā.

Pronunciation

Noun

grian f (genitive singular grèine, plural grianan)

  1. sun

Declension

Declension of grian (class IIa feminine noun)
indefinite
singular plural
nominative grian grianan
genitive grèine ghrian
dative grèin grianan; grianaibh✝
definite
singular plural
nominative (a') ghrian (na) grianan
genitive (na) grèine (nan) grian
dative (a') ghrèin (na) grianan; grianaibh✝
vocative ghrian ghriana

✝ obsolete form, used until the 19th century

Derived terms

Mutation

Mutation of grian
radical lenition
grian ghrian

Note: Certain mutated forms of some words can never occur in standard Scottish Gaelic.
All possible mutated forms are displayed for convenience.

References

  1. ^ Gregory Toner, Sharon Arbuthnot, Máire Ní Mhaonaigh, Marie-Luise Theuerkauf, Dagmar Wodtko, editors (2019), “grían”, in eDIL: Electronic Dictionary of the Irish Language
  2. ^ John MacPherson (1945) The Gaelic dialect of North Uist (Thesis)‎, Edinburgh: University of Edinburgh
  3. ^ Borgstrøm, Carl Hj. (1937) The dialect of Barra in the Outer Hebrides, Oslo: Norsk Tidsskrift for Sprogvidenskap
  4. ^ Oftedal, M. (1956) A linguistic survey of the Gaelic dialects of Scotland, Vol. III: The Gaelic of Leurbost, Isle of Lewis, Oslo: Norsk Tidsskrift for Sprogvidenskap
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