gripen

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Middle Dutch

Etymology

From Old Dutch grīpan, from Proto-Germanic *grīpaną.

Pronunciation

Verb

gripen

  1. to grab
  2. to attack, to overwhelm
  3. to understand

Inflection

Strong class 1
Infinitive gripen
3rd sg. past grêep
3rd pl. past grēpen
Past participle gegrēpen
Infinitive gripen
In genitive gripens
In dative gripene
Indicative Present Past
1st singular gripe grêep
2nd singular grijps, gripes grēeps, grēpes
3rd singular grijpt, gripet grêep
1st plural gripen grēpen
2nd plural grijpt, gripet grēept, grēpet
3rd plural gripen grēpen
Subjunctive Present Past
1st singular gripe grēpe
2nd singular grijps, gripes grēpes
3rd singular gripe grēpe
1st plural gripen grēpen
2nd plural grijpt, gripet grēpet
3rd plural gripen grēpen
Imperative Present
Singular grijp, gripe
Plural grijpt, gripet
Present Past
Participle gripende gegrēpen

Descendants

  • Dutch: grijpen
  • Limburgish: griepe

Further reading

Middle English

Etymology 1

From Old English grīpan, from Proto-Germanic *grīpaną. Cognates include Middle Dutch gripen, Old Swedish grīpa, Middle High German grifen and Middle Low German grîpen.

Alternative forms

Pronunciation

Verb

gripen

  1. To grip or grab onto (often to take away)
  2. To confiscate or steal; to take forcibly.
  3. To make material gains come into one's possession.
  4. To find out about (to acquire knowledge or information)
  5. To torment or injure; to cause fear or sorrow.
Usage notes

This verb tends to be supplanted by grippen later in the Middle English period.

Conjugation
Conjugation of gripen (strong class 1 or weak in -ed)
infinitive (to) gripen, gripe
present tense past tense
1st-person singular gripe grop, griped
2nd-person singular gripest grope, gripe, grepe, grop, gripedest
3rd-person singular gripeth grop, griped
subjunctive singular gripe grope1, gripe1, grepe1, griped1
imperative singular —
plural2 gripen, gripe gropen, grope, gripen, gripe, grepen, grepe, gripeden, gripede
imperative plural gripeth, gripe —
participles gripynge, gripende gripen, gripe, grepen, grepe, griped, ygripen, ygripe

1Replaced by the indicative in later Middle English.
2Sometimes used as a formal 2nd-person singular.

Descendants
References

Etymology 2

From gripe (“grip”) +‎ -en (plural suffix).

Noun

gripen

  1. plural of gripe (“grip”)

Etymology 3

Noun

gripen

  1. Alternative form of grippen

Norwegian Nynorsk

Participle

gripen

  1. past participle of gripa

Spanish

Verb

gripen

  1. inflection of gripar:
    1. third-person plural present subjunctive
    2. third-person plural imperative

Swedish

Etymology 1

Pronunciation

Noun

gripen

  1. definite singular of grip

Etymology 2

Pronunciation

  • IPA(key): /²ɡriːpɛn/
  • Audio:(file)

Participle

gripen

  1. past participle of gripa

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