gruger

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French

Etymology

From Dutch gruizen.

Pronunciation

  • IPA(key): /ɡʁy.ʒe/
  • Audio:(file)
  • Audio (Canada):(file)

Verb

gruger

  1. (colloquial) to dupe, con; to rob
  2. (colloquial) to devour, scoff

Conjugation

This is a regular -er verb, but the stem is written gruge- before endings that begin with -a- or -o- (to indicate that the -g- is a "soft" /ʒ/ and not a "hard" /ɡ/). This spelling change occurs in all verbs in -ger, such as neiger and manger.

Conjugation of gruger (see also Appendix:French verbs)
infinitive simple gruger
compound avoir + past participle
present participle or gerund1 simple grugeant
/ɡʁy.ʒɑ̃/
compound ayant + past participle
past participle grugé
/ɡʁy.ʒe/
singular plural
first second third first second third
indicative je (j’) tu il, elle, on nous vous ils, elles
(simple
tenses) 		present gruge
/ɡʁyʒ/ 		gruges
/ɡʁyʒ/ 		gruge
/ɡʁyʒ/ 		grugeons
/ɡʁy.ʒɔ̃/ 		grugez
/ɡʁy.ʒe/ 		grugent
/ɡʁyʒ/
imperfect grugeais
/ɡʁy.ʒɛ/ 		grugeais
/ɡʁy.ʒɛ/ 		grugeait
/ɡʁy.ʒɛ/ 		grugions
/ɡʁy.ʒjɔ̃/ 		grugiez
/ɡʁy.ʒje/ 		grugeaient
/ɡʁy.ʒɛ/
past historic2 grugeai
/ɡʁy.ʒe/ 		grugeas
/ɡʁy.ʒa/ 		grugea
/ɡʁy.ʒa/ 		grugeâmes
/ɡʁy.ʒam/ 		grugeâtes
/ɡʁy.ʒat/ 		grugèrent
/ɡʁy.ʒɛʁ/
future grugerai
/ɡʁyʒ.ʁe/ 		grugeras
/ɡʁyʒ.ʁa/ 		grugera
/ɡʁyʒ.ʁa/ 		grugerons
/ɡʁyʒ.ʁɔ̃/ 		grugerez
/ɡʁyʒ.ʁe/ 		grugeront
/ɡʁyʒ.ʁɔ̃/
conditional grugerais
/ɡʁyʒ.ʁɛ/ 		grugerais
/ɡʁyʒ.ʁɛ/ 		grugerait
/ɡʁyʒ.ʁɛ/ 		grugerions
/ɡʁy.ʒə.ʁjɔ̃/ 		grugeriez
/ɡʁy.ʒə.ʁje/ 		grugeraient
/ɡʁyʒ.ʁɛ/
(compound
tenses) 		present perfect present indicative of avoir + past participle
pluperfect imperfect indicative of avoir + past participle
past anterior2 past historic of avoir + past participle
future perfect future of avoir + past participle
conditional perfect conditional of avoir + past participle
subjunctive que je (j’) que tu qu’il, qu’elle que nous que vous qu’ils, qu’elles
(simple
tenses) 		present gruge
/ɡʁyʒ/ 		gruges
/ɡʁyʒ/ 		gruge
/ɡʁyʒ/ 		grugions
/ɡʁy.ʒjɔ̃/ 		grugiez
/ɡʁy.ʒje/ 		grugent
/ɡʁyʒ/
imperfect2 grugeasse
/ɡʁy.ʒas/ 		grugeasses
/ɡʁy.ʒas/ 		grugeât
/ɡʁy.ʒa/ 		grugeassions
/ɡʁy.ʒa.sjɔ̃/ 		grugeassiez
/ɡʁy.ʒa.sje/ 		grugeassent
/ɡʁy.ʒas/
(compound
tenses) 		past present subjunctive of avoir + past participle
pluperfect2 imperfect subjunctive of avoir + past participle
imperative – tu – nous vous –
simple — gruge
/ɡʁyʒ/ 		— grugeons
/ɡʁy.ʒɔ̃/ 		grugez
/ɡʁy.ʒe/ 		—
compound — simple imperative of avoir + past participle — simple imperative of avoir + past participle simple imperative of avoir + past participle —
1 The French gerund is usable only with the preposition en.
2 In less formal writing or speech, these tenses may be found to have been replaced in the following way:
  • past historic → present perfect
  • past anterior → pluperfect
  • imperfect subjunctive → present subjunctive
  • pluperfect subjunctive → past subjunctive

(Christopher Kendris , Master the Basics: French, pp. 77, 78, 79, 81).

Further reading

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