gwern

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Breton

Etymology

From Middle Breton guern, from Old Breton guern, guaern, from Proto-Brythonic *gwern, from Proto-Celtic *wernā (compare Gaulish uerna, Old Irish fern and French vergne).

Pronunciation

Noun

gwern ? (plural gwernioù, singulative gwernenn)

  1. alders

Noun

gwern f (plural gwernioù)

  1. mast
  2. swamp

Cornish

Etymology

From Old Cornish guern, from Proto-Brythonic *gwern, from Proto-Celtic *wernā (compare Gaulish uerna, Old Irish fern and French vergne).

Pronunciation

Noun

gwern m (singulative gwernen, plural gwernennow or gwernednow)

  1. (collective) alder
    1. swamp, marsh, marshland
  2. (in the singular) mast

Mutation

  Mutation of gwern  
Cornish consonant mutation
unmutated soft aspirate hard mixed mixed after 'th
gwern wern unchanged kwern hwern wern

Welsh

Etymology

From Proto-Brythonic *gwern, from Proto-Celtic *wernā (compare Old Irish fern). Cognate with Old Armenian գերան (geran) and Albanian verr (“alder”).

Pronunciation

Noun

gwern f pl (singulative gwernen, plural gwerni or gwernydd or gwernau or gwernenni or gwernennau)

  1. alder(s) (the wood of which resists decay in water); made of alder
    1. mast of a ship
    2. (alder) stick, stave, shaft of a lance
  2. alder carr, alder grove, alder marsh, swamp, quagmire; damp meadow
    1. (sometimes figuratively) hell

Derived terms

Mutation

Welsh mutation
radical soft nasal aspirate
gwern wern ngwern unchanged
Note: Some of these forms may be hypothetical. Not every possible mutated form of every word actually occurs.

References

  • R. J. Thomas, G. A. Bevan, P. J. Donovan, A. Hawke et al., editors (1950–present), “gwern”, in Geiriadur Prifysgol Cymru Online (in Welsh), University of Wales Centre for Advanced Welsh & Celtic Studies
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