Back-formation from gwneuthud, gwneuthur, from Middle Welsh gwneithur, altered from *gwreithur with -n- from gwnïo (“to sew”), from Proto-Brythonic *gwrėɣɨd, from Proto-Celtic *wregeti, from Proto-Indo-European *werǵ-.
See also Cornish gwra (“he does, makes”), Breton gra (“he does, makes”), Old Irish fairged (“they made”); also English work.
gwneud (first-person singular present gwnaf)
Literary forms | singular | plural | impersonal | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
first | second | third | first | second | third | ||
present indicative/future | gwnaf, gwnelaf | gwnei, gwneli | gwna, gwnelir | gwnawn, gwnelwn | gwnewch, gwnelwch | gwnânt, gwnelant | gwneir, gwnelir |
imperfect indicative/conditional | gwnawn | gwnait | gwnâi | gwnaem | gwnaech | gwnaent | gwneid |
preterite | gwneuthum | gwnaethost | gwnaeth | gwnaethom | gwnaethoch | gwnaethant | gwnaethpwyd, gwnaed, gwnawd |
pluperfect | gwnaethwn | gwnaethit | gwnaethai | gwnaethem | gwnaethech | gwnaethent | gwnaethid, gwnelsid |
present subjunctive | gwnelwyf | gwnelych | gwnêl, gwnelo | gwnelom | gwneloch | gwnelont | gwneler, gwnaer |
imperfect subjunctive | gwnelwn | gwnelit | gwnelai | gwnelem | gwnelech | gwnelent | gwnelid |
imperative | — | gwna | gwnaed | gwnawn | gwnewch | gwnaent | gwnaer, gwneler |
verbal noun | gwneud, gwneuthur | ||||||
verbal adjectives | gwneuthuredig, gwneuthuriedig gwneuthuradwy |
Welsh mutation | |||
---|---|---|---|
radical | soft | nasal | aspirate |
gwneud | wneud | ngwneud | unchanged |
Note: Some of these forms may be hypothetical. Not every possible mutated form of every word actually occurs. |