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Uncertain. Perhaps borrowed from a Chuvash-type Turkic language before the times of the Hungarian conquest of the Carpathian Basin (at the turn of the 9th and 10th centuries).
In everyday usage, the variant gyerek tends to be more widespread, as it is considered stylistically neutral. Gyermek is typically reserved for official contexts, e.g. legal or administrative documents and medical literature. When it does occur informally, it usually carries an affectionate or nostalgic undertone. Certain compounds may require either one form or the other.
^ H. Varga Márta: Gyermek ~ gyerek in Magyar Nyelvőr vol. 134, issue 1, Eötvös Loránd University, 2010
Further reading
gyermek in Bárczi, Géza and László Országh. A magyar nyelv értelmező szótára (‘The Explanatory Dictionary of the Hungarian Language’, abbr.: ÉrtSz.). Budapest: Akadémiai Kiadó, 1959–1962. Fifth ed., 1992: →ISBN
