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French
Etymology
Inherited from Old French gesir, from Latin iacēre.
The final -ir < Latin -ēre is regular and results from the palatalization of the preceding -c- to *, as in loisir, moisir, plaisir.
Pronunciation
Verb
gésir
- (intransitive, archaic or literary) to lie (to be in a horizontal position), especially when dead or wounded
- Ci-gît... (formula used on gravestones) ― Here lies...
- La victime gisait dans son sang. ― The victim was lying in a pool of their own blood.
- (intransitive, archaic or literary) to be located
- (intransitive, archaic or literary) to be buried, hidden
Usage notes
- This verb is mostly archaic, but survives in the literary language and in the turn of phrase ci-gît.
- The circumflex on the ‘i’ in the third-person singular present indicative has been optional since the 1990 French spelling reforms; see gît (old spelling) and git (new spelling).
Conjugation
This is a defective verb, and is only conjugated in the present and imperfect indicative.
| infinitive
|
simple
|
gésir
|
| compound
|
—
|
| present participle or gerund1
|
simple
|
gisant
/ʒi.zɑ̃/
|
| compound
|
—
|
| past participle
|
—
|
|
|
singular
|
plural
|
| first
|
second
|
third
|
first
|
second
|
third
|
| indicative
|
je (j’)
|
tu
|
il, elle, on
|
nous
|
vous
|
ils, elles
|
(simple
tenses)
|
present
|
gis
/ʒi/
|
gis
/ʒi/
|
gît
/ʒi/
|
gisons
/ʒi.zɔ̃/
|
gisez
/ʒi.ze/
|
gisent
/ʒiz/
|
| imperfect
|
gisais
/ʒi.zɛ/
|
gisais
/ʒi.zɛ/
|
gisait
/ʒi.zɛ/
|
gisions
/ʒi.zjɔ̃/
|
gisiez
/ʒi.zje/
|
gisaient
/ʒi.zɛ/
|
| past historic2
|
—
|
—
|
—
|
—
|
—
|
—
|
| future
|
—
|
—
|
—
|
—
|
—
|
—
|
| conditional
|
—
|
—
|
—
|
—
|
—
|
—
|
(compound
tenses)
|
present perfect
|
—
|
| pluperfect
|
—
|
| past anterior2
|
—
|
| future perfect
|
—
|
| conditional perfect
|
—
|
| subjunctive
|
que je (j’)
|
que tu
|
qu’il, qu’elle
|
que nous
|
que vous
|
qu’ils, qu’elles
|
(simple
tenses)
|
present
|
—
|
—
|
—
|
—
|
—
|
—
|
| imperfect2
|
—
|
—
|
—
|
—
|
—
|
—
|
(compound
tenses)
|
past
|
—
|
| pluperfect2
|
—
|
| imperative
|
–
|
tu
|
–
|
nous
|
vous
|
–
|
| simple
|
—
|
—
|
—
|
—
|
—
|
—
|
| compound
|
—
|
—
|
—
|
—
|
—
|
—
|
| 1 The French gerund is usable only with the preposition en.
|
2 In less formal writing or speech, these tenses may be found to have been replaced in the following way:
- past historic → present perfect
- past anterior → pluperfect
- imperfect subjunctive → present subjunctive
- pluperfect subjunctive → past subjunctive
(Christopher Kendris , Master the Basics: French, pp. 77, 78, 79, 81).
|
See also
Further reading
Anagrams