Inherited from Middle French hacher, from Old French hacher, hachier, from Frankish *hakkōn, from Proto-Germanic *hakkōną (“to chop; hack”). More at hack.
| Audio: | (file) |
hacher
| infinitive | simple | hacher | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| compound | avoir + past participle | ||||||
| present participle or gerund1 | simple | hachant /a.ʃɑ̃/ | |||||
| compound | ayant + past participle | ||||||
| past participle | haché /a.ʃe/ | ||||||
| singular | plural | ||||||
| first | second | third | first | second | third | ||
| indicative | je (j’) | tu | il, elle, on | nous | vous | ils, elles | |
| (simple tenses) |
present | hache /aʃ/ |
haches /aʃ/ |
hache /aʃ/ |
hachons /a.ʃɔ̃/ |
hachez /a.ʃe/ |
hachent /aʃ/ |
| imperfect | hachais /a.ʃɛ/ |
hachais /a.ʃɛ/ |
hachait /a.ʃɛ/ |
hachions /a.ʃjɔ̃/ |
hachiez /a.ʃje/ |
hachaient /a.ʃɛ/ | |
| past historic2 | hachai /a.ʃe/ |
hachas /a.ʃa/ |
hacha /a.ʃa/ |
hachâmes /a.ʃam/ |
hachâtes /a.ʃat/ |
hachèrent /a.ʃɛʁ/ | |
| future | hacherai /aʃ.ʁe/ |
hacheras /aʃ.ʁa/ |
hachera /aʃ.ʁa/ |
hacherons /aʃ.ʁɔ̃/ |
hacherez /aʃ.ʁe/ |
hacheront /aʃ.ʁɔ̃/ | |
| conditional | hacherais /aʃ.ʁɛ/ |
hacherais /aʃ.ʁɛ/ |
hacherait /aʃ.ʁɛ/ |
hacherions /a.ʃə.ʁjɔ̃/ |
hacheriez /a.ʃə.ʁje/ |
hacheraient /aʃ.ʁɛ/ | |
| (compound tenses) |
present perfect | present indicative of avoir + past participle | |||||
| pluperfect | imperfect indicative of avoir + past participle | ||||||
| past anterior2 | past historic of avoir + past participle | ||||||
| future perfect | future of avoir + past participle | ||||||
| conditional perfect | conditional of avoir + past participle | ||||||
| subjunctive | que je (j’) | que tu | qu’il, qu’elle | que nous | que vous | qu’ils, qu’elles | |
| (simple tenses) |
present | hache /aʃ/ |
haches /aʃ/ |
hache /aʃ/ |
hachions /a.ʃjɔ̃/ |
hachiez /a.ʃje/ |
hachent /aʃ/ |
| imperfect2 | hachasse /a.ʃas/ |
hachasses /a.ʃas/ |
hachât /a.ʃa/ |
hachassions /a.ʃa.sjɔ̃/ |
hachassiez /a.ʃa.sje/ |
hachassent /a.ʃas/ | |
| (compound tenses) |
past | present subjunctive of avoir + past participle | |||||
| pluperfect2 | imperfect subjunctive of avoir + past participle | ||||||
| imperative | – | – | – | ||||
| simple | — | hache /aʃ/ |
— | hachons /a.ʃɔ̃/ |
hachez /a.ʃe/ |
— | |
| compound | — | simple imperative of avoir + past participle | — | simple imperative of avoir + past participle | simple imperative of avoir + past participle | — | |
| 1 The French gerund is usable only with the preposition en. | |||||||
2 In less formal writing or speech, these tenses may be found to have been replaced in the following way:
(Christopher Kendris , Master the Basics: French, pp. 77, 78, 79, 81). | |||||||
From Old French hacher, hachier, from Frankish *hakkōn, from Proto-Germanic *hakkōną (“to chop; hack”).
hacher
| infinitive | simple | hacher | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| compound | avoir + past participle | ||||||
| present participle1 or gerund2 | simple | hachant | |||||
| compound | present participle or gerund of avoir + past participle | ||||||
| past participle | haché | ||||||
| singular | plural | ||||||
| first | second | third | first | second | third | ||
| indicative | ie (i’) | tu | il, elle | nous | vous | ilz, elles | |
| (simple tenses) |
present | hache | haches | hache | hachons | hachez | hachent |
| imperfect | hachois, hachoys | hachois, hachoys | hachoit, hachoyt | hachions, hachyons | hachiez, hachyez | hachoient, hachoyent | |
| past historic | hacha | hachas | hacha | hachasmes | hachastes | hacherent | |
| future | hacherai, hacheray | hacheras | hachera | hacherons | hacherez | hacheront | |
| conditional | hacherois, hacheroys | hacherois, hacheroys | hacheroit, hacheroyt | hacherions, hacheryons | hacheriez, hacheryez | hacheroient, hacheroyent | |
| (compound tenses) |
present perfect | present indicative of avoir + past participle | |||||
| pluperfect | imperfect indicative of avoir + past participle | ||||||
| past anterior | past historic of avoir + past participle | ||||||
| future perfect | future of avoir + past participle | ||||||
| conditional perfect | conditional of avoir + past participle | ||||||
| subjunctive | que ie (i’) | que tu | qu’il, qu’elle | que nous | que vous | qu’ilz, qu’elles | |
| (simple tenses) |
present | hache | haches | hache | hachons | hachez | hachent |
| imperfect | hachasse | hachasses | hachast | hachassions | hachassiez | hachassent | |
| (compound tenses) |
past | present subjunctive of avoir + past participle | |||||
| pluperfect | imperfect subjunctive of avoir + past participle | ||||||
| imperative | – | – | – | ||||
| simple | — | hache | — | hachons | hachez | — | |
| compound | — | simple imperative of avoir + past participle | — | simple imperative of avoir + past participle | simple imperative of avoir + past participle | — | |
| 1 The present participle was variable in gender and number until the 17th century (Anne Sancier-Château , Une esthétique nouvelle: Honoré d'Urfé, correcteur de l'Astrée, p. 179). The French Academy would eventually declare it not to be declined in 1679. | |||||||
| 2 The gerund was held to be invariable by grammarians of the early 17th century, and was usable with preposition en, as in Modern French, although the preposition was not mandatory (Anne Sancier-Château , op. cit., p. 180). | |||||||
Borrowed from Frankish *hakkōn, from Proto-Germanic *hakkōną (“to chop; hack”).
hacher
This verb conjugates as a first-group verb ending in -er. In the present tense an extra supporting e is needed in the first-person singular indicative and throughout the singular subjunctive, and the third-person singular subjunctive ending -t is lost. This verb has irregularities in its conjugation. Old French conjugation varies significantly by date and by region. The following conjugation should be treated as a guide.
| simple | compound | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| infinitive | hacher | avoir haché | |||||
| gerund | en hachant | gerund of avoir + past participle | |||||
| present participle | hachant | ||||||
| past participle | haché | ||||||
| person | singular | plural | |||||
| first | second | third | first | second | third | ||
| indicative | jo | tu | il | nos | vos | il | |
| simple tenses |
present | hache | haches | hache | hachons | hachez | hachent |
| imperfect | hachoie, hacheie, hachoe, hacheve | hachoies, hacheies, hachoes, hacheves | hachoit, hacheit, hachot, hacheve | hachiiens, hachiens | hachiiez, hachiez | hachoient, hacheient, hachoent, hachevent | |
| preterite | hachai | hachas | hacha | hachames | hachastes | hacherent | |
| future | hacherai | hacheras | hachera | hacherons | hacheroiz, hachereiz, hacherez | hacheront | |
| conditional | hacheroie, hachereie | hacheroies, hachereies | hacheroit, hachereit | hacheriiens, hacheriens | hacheriiez, hacheriez | hacheroient, hachereient | |
| compound tenses |
present perfect | present tense of avoir + past participle | |||||
| pluperfect | imperfect tense of avoir + past participle | ||||||
| past anterior | preterite tense of avoir + past participle | ||||||
| future perfect | future tense of avoir + past participle | ||||||
| conditional perfect | conditional tense of avoir + past participle | ||||||
| subjunctive | que jo | que tu | qu’il | que nos | que vos | qu’il | |
| simple tenses |
present | hache | haches | hache | hachons | hachez | hachent |
| imperfect | hachasse | hachasses | hachast | hachissons, hachissiens | hachissoiz, hachissez, hachissiez | hachassent | |
| compound tenses |
past | present subjunctive of avoir + past participle | |||||
| pluperfect | imperfect subjunctive of avoir + past participle | ||||||
| imperative | – | tu | – | nos | vos | – | |
| — | hache | — | hachons | hachez | — | ||