hafgysgu
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Malwod Theba pisana yn hafgysgu ar byst ffens yn Awstralia
Welsh
Etymology
haf (“summer”) + cysgu (“to sleep”)
Pronunciation
- (North Wales) IPA(key): /havˈɡəsɡɨ̞/,
- (South Wales) IPA(key): /havˈɡəsɡi/,
Verb
hafgysgu (first-person singular present hafgysgaf, not mutable)
- aestivate
- Prin yw’r mamaliaid sy’n hafgysgu.
- There are few mammals that aestivate.
Conjugation
Conjugation (literary)
| singular | plural | impersonal | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| first | second | third | first | second | third | |||
| present indicative/future | hafgysgaf | hafgysgi | hafgwsg, hafgysga | hafgysgwn | hafgysgwch | hafgysgant | hafgysgir | |
| imperfect (indicative/subjunctive)/ conditional |
hafgysgwn | hafgysgit | hafgysgai | hafgysgem | hafgysgech | hafgysgent | hafgysgid | |
| preterite | hafgysgais | hafgysgaist | hafgysgodd | hafgysgasom | hafgysgasoch | hafgysgasant | hafgysgwyd | |
| pluperfect | hafgysgaswn | hafgysgasit | hafgysgasai | hafgysgasem | hafgysgasech | hafgysgasent | hafgysgasid, hafgysgesid | |
| present subjunctive | hafgysgwyf | hafgysgych | hafgysgo | hafgysgom | hafgysgoch | hafgysgont | hafgysger | |
| imperative | — | hafgwsg, hafgysga | hafgysged | hafgysgwn | hafgysgwch | hafgysgent | hafgysger | |
| verbal noun | hafgysgu | |||||||
| verbal adjectives | hafgysgedig hafgysgadwy | |||||||
Conjugation (colloquial)
| Inflected colloquial forms | singular | plural | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| first | second | third | first | second | third | |
| future | hafgysga i, hafgysgaf i | hafgysgi di | hafgysgith o/e/hi, hafgysgiff e/hi | hafgysgwn ni | hafgysgwch chi | hafgysgan nhw |
| conditional | hafgysgwn i, hafgysgswn i | hafgysget ti, hafgysgset ti | hafgysgai fo/fe/hi, hafgysgsai fo/fe/hi | hafgysgen ni, hafgysgsen ni | hafgysgech chi, hafgysgsech chi | hafgysgen nhw, hafgysgsen nhw |
| preterite | hafgysgais i, hafgysges i | hafgysgaist ti, hafgysgest ti | hafgysgodd o/e/hi | hafgysgon ni | hafgysgoch chi | hafgysgon nhw |
| imperative | — | hafgysga | — | — | hafgysgwch | — |
| Note: All other forms are periphrastic, as usual in colloquial Welsh. | ||||||
Coordinate terms
- gaeafgysgu (“to hibernate”)
Related terms
- hafgwsg (“aestivation”)