hart

English

Pronunciation

• (Received Pronunciation) IPA^(key): /hɑːt/
• (General American) IPA^(key): /hɑɹt/

• Audio (UK)

  (file)

• Audio (US)

  (file)

• Rhymes: -ɑː(ɹ)t
• Homophone: heart

Etymology 1

From Middle English hert, from Old English heorot (“stag”), from Proto-Germanic *herutaz (compare Dutch hert, German Hirsch, Danish/Norwegian/Swedish hjort), from Pre-Germanic *kerudos, from Proto-Indo-European *ḱerh₂- (“horn”).

Noun

hart (plural harts)

1. A male deer, especially the male of the red deer after his fifth year.
   • c. 1587–1588, [Christopher Marlowe], Tamburlaine the Great. The First Part , 2nd edition, part 1, London: Richard Iones, , published 1592, →OCLC; reprinted as Tamburlaine the Great (A Scolar Press Facsimile), Menston, Yorkshire, London: Scolar Press, 1973, →ISBN, Act I, scene ii:

     With milke-white Hartes vpon an Iuorie ſled,
     Thou ſhalt be drawen amidſt the froſen Pooles,
     And ſcale the yſie mountaines lofty tops:
     Which with thy beautie will be soone reſolu’d.

   • 1612, Michael Drayton, “The thirteenth Song”, in [John Selden], editor, Poly-Olbion. Or A Chorographicall Description of Tracts, Riuers, Mountaines, Forests, and Other Parts of this Renowned Isle of Great Britaine, , London: H L for Mathew Lownes; I. Browne; I. Helme; I. Busbie, published 1613, →OCLC, page 213:

     Then, finding Herds of luſtie Deare, / She Huntreſſe-like the Hart purſues; […]

Derived terms

• hart of grease
• hartshorn
• Hertford
• White Hart Lane

Related terms

• hind (the female)

Translations

Etymology 2

See heart.

Noun

hart (plural harts)

1. Obsolete spelling of heart
   • c. 1599–1602 (date written), William Shakespeare, The Tragicall Historie of Hamlet, Prince of Denmarke:  (Second Quarto), London: I R for N L , published 1604, →OCLC, [Act I, scene i], signature B, recto:

     For this reliefe much thanks, tis bitter cold, / And I am ſick at hart.

Anagrams

• Arth, Rath, Thar, rath, tahr, thar

Afrikaans

Etymology

From Dutch hart, from Middle Dutch herte, harte, from Old Dutch herta, from Proto-Germanic *hertô, from Proto-Indo-European *ḱḗr.

Pronunciation

• Audio

  (file)

Noun

hart (plural harte)

1. heart

Dutch

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ɦɑrt/

• Audio

  (file)

• Hyphenation: hart
• Rhymes: -ɑrt
• Homophone: hard

Etymology 1

From Middle Dutch herte, harte, from Old Dutch herta, from Proto-West Germanic *hertā, from Proto-Germanic *hertô, from Proto-Indo-European *ḱḗr.

Noun

hart n (plural harten, diminutive hartje n)

1. heart, main muscle pumping blood through the body:
2. The center point or zone of an object, image etc.
3. The core or essence of some thing, reasoning etc.
4. Compassionate or similar feelings

Alternative forms

• hert
• herte

Derived terms

Descendants

• Afrikaans: hart
• Negerhollands: hert, hart, hat
• → Sranan Tongo: ati
  • → Saramaccan: áti, háti

Etymology 2

Noun

hart n (plural harten, diminutive hartje n)

1. (Northern) Archaic form of hert (“deer”).

Faroese

Etymology

See harður (“hard, loud”)

Adjective

hart (neuter of harður)

1. hard
2. loud

French

Etymology

Inherited from Middle French hart, from Old French hart, hard, a borrowing from Frankish *heʀdā.

Pronunciation

• ^{(aspirated h)} IPA^(key): /aʁ/, /aʁt/

• Audio

  (file)

Noun

hart f (plural harts)

1. (archaic) cord, rope; halter (hangman's rope)

Further reading

• “hart”, in Trésor de la langue française informatisé , 2012.

German

Etymology

From Middle High German hart, Old High German hart, from Proto-West Germanic *hard(ī), from Proto-Germanic *harduz, from Proto-Indo-European *kortús (“strong; powerful”). Cognate with Low German hard, hart, Dutch hard, English hard, Danish hård.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /hart/, , ,

• audio

  (file)

• audio

  (file)

• audio (Austria)

  (file)

• Homophones: harrt (general), haart (some speakers)

Adjective

hart (strong nominative masculine singular harter, comparative härter, superlative am härtesten)

1. hard
2. severe, harsh
   • 1981, “Polizisten”, performed by Extrabreit:

     Sie rauchen "Milde Sorte" / Weil–das Leben ist doch hart genug

     (please add an English translation of this quotation)

   • 2012 May 2, Die Welt, page 10:

     Die harten Einschnitte zum Schuldenabbau standen in vielen EU-Ländern im Zentrum der Kritik der Demonstranten.

     The severe cuts for the reduction of debt were in many EU countries at the center of criticism by the protesters.

3. (figurative) unmoved, cold, cruel
   • 1924, Thomas Mann, Der Zauberberg [The Magic Mountain], volume 1, Berlin: S. Fischer, page 528:

     Seit vier Jahren hier oben, war die Mittellose von harten Verwandten abhängig, die sie schon einmal, da sie doch sterben müsse, von hier fortgenommen und nur auf Einspruch des Hofrats wieder heraufgeschickt hatten.

     (please add an English translation of this quotation)

Declension

Derived terms

• härten
• Härte

Adverb

hart

1. hard (with force or effort)

   Sie haben die ganze Woche hart gearbeitet.

   They worked hard all week.

2. sharply, roughly, severely
3. close (an (+ dative) to)

Further reading

• “hart” in Duden online
• “hart” in Digitales Wörterbuch der deutschen Sprache

Icelandic

Adjective

hart

1. neuter nominative/accusative of harður

Irish

Etymology 1

Borrowed from English heart.

Alternative forms

• hartas

Noun

hart m (genitive singular hairt, nominative plural hairt)

1. (card games) heart

Declension

Etymology 2

See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.

Noun

hart

1. h-prothesized form of art

References

• Ó Dónaill, Niall (1977) “hart”, in Foclóir Gaeilge–Béarla, Dublin: An Gúm, →ISBN

Middle Dutch

Etymology

From Old Dutch hart.

Adjective

hart

1. hard (not soft)
2. solid, sturdy
3. hard, harsh, cruel

Inflection

Descendants

• Dutch: hard
  • Jersey Dutch: hārd
  • Negerhollands: hart
  • Skepi Creole Dutch: hardt

Further reading

• “hart”, in Vroegmiddelnederlands Woordenboek, 2000
• Verwijs, E., Verdam, J. (1885–1929) “hart (II)”, in Middelnederlandsch Woordenboek, The Hague: Martinus Nijhoff, →ISBN, page II

North Frisian

Etymology

From Old Frisian herte, from Proto-West Germanic *hertā. Cognates include West Frisian hert.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /hart/

Noun

hart n (plural harten)

1. (Mooring and Föhr-Amrum dialects) heart

   At hart klopet/böget.

   My heart is beating.

Old Dutch

Etymology

From Proto-West Germanic *hard(ī).

Adjective

hart (comparative hardiro, superlative hardist)

1. hard

Inflection

Descendants

• Middle Dutch: hart
  • Dutch: hard
    • Jersey Dutch: hārd
    • Negerhollands: hart
    • Skepi Creole Dutch: hardt

Further reading

• “hart (II)”, in Oudnederlands Woordenboek, 2012

Old High German

Etymology

From Proto-West Germanic *hard(ī), from Proto-Germanic *harduz, whence also Old Saxon hard, Old Dutch hart, Old English heard, Old Norse harðr, Gothic 𐌷𐌰𐍂𐌳𐌿𐍃 (hardus). Ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *kert-, *kret- (“strong; powerful”).

Adjective

hart

1. hard

Derived terms

• hartī

Descendants

• Middle High German: hart, herte
  • Alemannic German: hert

    Swabian: hirrt

  • Bavarian: hoat
  • Central Franconian: haat
  • German: hart
  • Luxembourgish: haart
  • Yiddish: האַרט (hart)

Old Norse

Adjective

hart

1. strong neuter nominative/accusative singular of harðr

Polish

Etymology

Borrowed from German Härte, from Old High German hartī.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /xart/

• Audio

  (file)

• Rhymes: -art
• Syllabification: hart
• Homophone: chart

Noun

hart m inan

1. strength, resilience, fortitude

Declension

Derived terms

Further reading

• hart in Wielki słownik języka polskiego, Instytut Języka Polskiego PAN
• hart in Polish dictionaries at PWN

Swedish

Etymology

From Old Swedish hart, from Old Swedish harþer, from Old Norse harðr. Doublet of hård.

Adverb

hart (not comparable)

1. Only used in hart när

References

• hart in Svenska Akademiens ordlista (SAOL)
• hart in Svensk ordbok (SO)
• hart in Svenska Akademiens ordbok (SAOB)

West Frisian

Etymology

From Old Frisian hert, from Proto-West Germanic *herut.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /hat/

Noun

hart n (plural harten, diminutive hartsje)

1. deer

Derived terms

• reahart

Further reading

• “hart (I)”, in Wurdboek fan de Fryske taal (in Dutch), 2011

Yola

Noun

hart

1. Alternative form of hearth
   • 1867, “A YOLA ZONG”, in SONGS, ETC. IN THE DIALECT OF FORTH AND BARGY, number 10, page 88:

     Oore hart cam' t' oore mouth, an zo w' all ee green;

     Our hearts came to our mouth, and so with all in the green;

References

• Jacob Poole (d. 1827) (before 1828) William Barnes, editor, A Glossary, With some Pieces of Verse, of the old Dialect of the English Colony in the Baronies of Forth and Bargy, County of Wexford, Ireland, London: J. Russell Smith, published 1867, page 88