hiányzik
This verb is used in everyday speech (as opposed to the closer equivalent of “to miss”, hiányol) when someone misses another person, an animal, or an object, but its argument structure is different. For example, to express “Robbie misses his wife”, the literal translation would be Robi hiányolja a feleségét, but the more common way to express it is Robinak hiányzik a felesége, where the subject of the sentence is the wife and Robbie is expressed with the dative (-nak). The subject of certain verbs is not someone who acts but a stimulus that prompts sensory or emotional feelings, like when things interest someone, matter to someone, please someone or appeal to someone. In these cases, the experiencer can take the accusative (e.g. interest) or the dative (e.g. appeal). The experiencer is expressed with the dative in the case of hiányzik (“to be missing or missed by someone”), ízlik (“to taste good”), kell (“to be needed, necessary, or required”), tetszik (“to be appealing”), and van/megvan (“to be had, to be owned by someone”).
If the experiencer is expressed with the accusative, third-person objects (him, her, it, or them) are considered definite, while first- and second-person objects (me, us, and you), indefinite. For example, the verb érdekel can take the definite form érdekli őt (“he/she is interested”, literally “it interests him/her”) or the indefinite form érdekel engem/téged/minket (“I am, you are, we are interested”, literally “it interests me, you, us”). The form érdekellek means “you are interested in me” (literally, “I interest you”). — Similar verbs include zavar (“to be bothered by”) and izgat (“to be intrigued by”).
| Click for archaic forms | 1st person sg | 2nd person sg informal |
3rd person sg, 2nd p. sg formal |
1st person pl | 2nd person pl informal |
3rd person pl, 2nd p. pl formal | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Indicative mood |
Present | Indef. | hiányzom or hiányzok |
hiányzol | hiányzik | hiányzunk | hiányoztok | hiányoznak | |
| Def. | intransitive verb, definite forms are not used | ||||||||
| 2nd-p. o. | ― | ||||||||
| Past | Indef. | hiányoztam | hiányoztál | hiányzott | hiányoztunk | hiányoztatok | hiányoztak | ||
| Def. | ― | ||||||||
| 2nd-p. o. | ― | ||||||||
| Future | Future is expressed with a present-tense verb with a completion-marking prefix and/or a time adverb, or—more explicitly—with the infinitive plus the conjugated auxiliary verb fog, e.g. hiányozni fog. | ||||||||
| Archaic Preterit |
Indef. | hiányzék | hiányzál | hiányza | hiányzánk | hiányzátok | hiányzának | ||
| Def. | ― | ||||||||
| 2nd-p. o. | ― | ||||||||
| Archaic Past | Two additional past tenses: the present and the (current) past forms followed by vala (volt), e.g. hiányzik vala, hiányzott vala/volt. | ||||||||
| Archaic Future |
Indef. | hiányzandok | hiányzandasz | hiányzand | hiányzandunk | hiányzandotok | hiányzandanak | ||
| Def. | ― | ||||||||
| 2nd-p. o. | ― | ||||||||
| Conditional mood |
Present | Indef. | hiányoznék | hiányoznál | hiányozna | hiányoznánk | hiányoznátok | hiányoznának | |
| Def. | ― | ||||||||
| 2nd-p. o. | ― | ||||||||
| Past | Indicative past forms followed by volna, e.g. hiányzott volna | ||||||||
| Subjunctive mood |
Present | Indef. | hiányozzak or hiányozzam |
hiányozz or hiányozzál |
hiányozzon | hiányozzunk | hiányozzatok | hiányozzanak | |
| Def. | ― | ||||||||
| 2nd-p. o. | ― | ||||||||
| (Archaic) Past | Indicative past forms followed by légyen, e.g. hiányzott légyen | ||||||||
| Infinitive | hiányozni | hiányoznom | hiányoznod | hiányoznia | hiányoznunk | hiányoznotok | hiányozniuk | ||
| Other forms |
Verbal noun | Present part. | Past part. | Future part. | Adverbial participle | Causative | |||
| hiányzás | hiányzó | hiányzott | ― | hiányozva (hiányozván) | |||||
| Click for archaic forms | 1st person sg | 2nd person sg informal |
3rd person sg, 2nd p. sg formal |
1st person pl | 2nd person pl informal |
3rd person pl, 2nd p. pl formal | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Indicative mood |
Present | Indef. | hiányozhatok (or hiányozhatom) |
hiányozhatsz | hiányozhat | hiányozhatunk | hiányozhattok | hiányozhatnak | |
| Def. | intransitive verb, definite forms are not used | ||||||||
| 2nd-p. o. | ― | ||||||||
| Past | Indef. | hiányozhattam | hiányozhattál | hiányozhatott | hiányozhattunk | hiányozhattatok | hiányozhattak | ||
| Def. | ― | ||||||||
| 2nd-p. o. | ― | ||||||||
| Archaic Preterit |
Indef. | hiányozhaték | hiányozhatál | hiányozhata | hiányozhatánk | hiányozhatátok | hiányozhatának | ||
| Def. | ― | ||||||||
| 2nd-p. o. | ― | ||||||||
| Archaic Past | Two additional past tenses: the present and the (current) past forms followed by vala, e.g. hiányozhat vala, hiányozhatott vala/volt. | ||||||||
| Archaic Future |
Indef. | hiányozhatandok or hiányzandhatok |
hiányozhatandasz or hiányzandhatsz |
hiányozhatand or hiányzandhat |
hiányozhatandunk or hiányzandhatunk |
hiányozhatandotok or hiányzandhattok |
hiányozhatandanak or hiányzandhatnak | ||
| Def. | ― | ||||||||
| 2nd-p. o. | ― | ||||||||
| Conditional mood |
Present | Indef. | hiányozhatnék | hiányozhatnál | hiányozhatna | hiányozhatnánk | hiányozhatnátok | hiányozhatnának | |
| Def. | ― | ||||||||
| 2nd-p. o. | ― | ||||||||
| Past | Indicative past forms followed by volna, e.g. hiányozhatott volna | ||||||||
| Subjunctive mood |
Present | Indef. | hiányozhassak | hiányozhass or hiányozhassál |
hiányozhasson | hiányozhassunk | hiányozhassatok | hiányozhassanak | |
| Def. | ― | ||||||||
| 2nd-p. o. | ― | ||||||||
| (Archaic) Past | Indicative past forms followed by légyen, e.g. hiányozhatott légyen | ||||||||
| Inf. | (hiányozhatni) | (hiányozhatnom) | (hiányozhatnod) | (hiányozhatnia) | (hiányozhatnunk) | (hiányozhatnotok) | (hiányozhatniuk) | ||
| Positive adjective | ― | Neg. adj. | ― | Adv. part. | (hiányozhatva / hiányozhatván) | ||||