hiari

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Swahili

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Etymology

Borrowed from Arabic خِيَار (ḵiyār).[1]

Pronunciation

  • Audio (Kenya):(file)

Noun

hiari (n class, plural hiari)

  1. choice, discretion; option

Verb

-hiari (infinitive kuhiari)

  1. to choose, prefer

Conjugation

Conjugation of -hiari
Positive present -nahiari
Subjunctive -hiari
Negative -hiari
Imperative singular hiari
Infinitives
Positive kuhiari
Negative kutohiari
Imperatives
Singular hiari
Plural hiarini
Tensed forms
Habitual huhiari
Positive past positive subject concord + -lihiari
Negative past negative subject concord + -kuhiari
Positive present (positive subject concord + -nahiari)
Singular Plural
1st person ninahiari/nahiari tunahiari
2nd person unahiari mnahiari
3rd person m-wa(I/II) anahiari wanahiari
other classes positive subject concord + -nahiari
Negative present (negative subject concord + -hiari)
Singular Plural
1st person sihiari hatuhiari
2nd person huhiari hamhiari
3rd person m-wa(I/II) hahiari hawahiari
other classes negative subject concord + -hiari
Positive future positive subject concord + -tahiari
Negative future negative subject concord + -tahiari
Positive subjunctive (positive subject concord + -hiari)
Singular Plural
1st person nihiari tuhiari
2nd person uhiari mhiari
3rd person m-wa(I/II) ahiari wahiari
other classes positive subject concord + -hiari
Negative subjunctive positive subject concord + -sihiari
Positive present conditional positive subject concord + -ngehiari
Negative present conditional positive subject concord + -singehiari
Positive past conditional positive subject concord + -ngalihiari
Negative past conditional positive subject concord + -singalihiari
Gnomic (positive subject concord + -ahiari)
Singular Plural
1st person nahiari twahiari
2nd person wahiari mwahiari
3rd person m-wa(I/II) ahiari wahiari
m-mi(III/IV) wahiari yahiari
ji-ma(V/VI) lahiari yahiari
ki-vi(VII/VIII) chahiari vyahiari
n(IX/X) yahiari zahiari
u(XI) wahiari see n(X) or ma(VI) class
ku(XV/XVII) kwahiari
pa(XVI) pahiari
mu(XVIII) mwahiari
Perfect positive subject concord + -mehiari
"Already" positive subject concord + -meshahiari
"Not yet" negative subject concord + -jahiari
"If/When" positive subject concord + -kihiari
"If not" positive subject concord + -sipohiari
Consecutive kahiari / positive subject concord + -kahiari
Consecutive subjunctive positive subject concord + -kahiari
Object concord (indicative positive)
Singular Plural
1st person -nihiari -tuhiari
2nd person -kuhiari -wahiari/-kuhiarini/-wahiarini
3rd person m-wa(I/II) -mhiari -wahiari
m-mi(III/IV) -uhiari -ihiari
ji-ma(V/VI) -lihiari -yahiari
ki-vi(VII/VIII) -kihiari -vihiari
n(IX/X) -ihiari -zihiari
u(XI) -uhiari see n(X) or ma(VI) class
ku(XV/XVII) -kuhiari
pa(XVI) -pahiari
mu(XVIII) -muhiari
Reflexive -jihiari
Relative forms
General positive (positive subject concord + (object concord) + -hiari- + relative marker)
Singular Plural
m-wa(I/II) -hiariye -hiario
m-mi(III/IV) -hiario -hiariyo
ji-ma(V/VI) -hiarilo -hiariyo
ki-vi(VII/VIII) -hiaricho -hiarivyo
n(IX/X) -hiariyo -hiarizo
u(XI) -hiario see n(X) or ma(VI) class
ku(XV/XVII) -hiariko
pa(XVI) -hiaripo
mu(XVIII) -hiarimo
Other forms (subject concord + tense marker + relative marker + (object concord) + -hiari)
Singular Plural
m-wa(I/II) -yehiari -ohiari
m-mi(III/IV) -ohiari -yohiari
ji-ma(V/VI) -lohiari -yohiari
ki-vi(VII/VIII) -chohiari -vyohiari
n(IX/X) -yohiari -zohiari
u(XI) -ohiari see n(X) or ma(VI) class
ku(XV/XVII) -kohiari
pa(XVI) -pohiari
mu(XVIII) -mohiari
Some forms not commonly seen in modern Standard Swahili are absent from the table. See Appendix:Swahili verbs for more information.

References

  1. ^ Baldi, Sergio (2020 November 30) Dictionary of Arabic Loanwords in the Languages of Central and East Africa (Handbuch der Orientalistik; Erste Abteilung: Der Nahe und der Mittlere Osten; 145), Leiden • Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 97 No. 866
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