hiems

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Latin

Alternative forms

  • hiemps (usual but advised against by analogist grammarians)
  • hyems

Etymology

From Proto-Italic *hiom-, from earlier *xiom- (to differentiate it from a later form *hiom- if the shift */x/ > */h/ in the Italic languages already happened during late Proto-Italic), from Proto-Indo-European *ǵʰéyōm.

Cognate with Ancient Greek χιών (khiṓn, snow), χεῖμα (kheîma, snow), χειμών (kheimṓn, snow), Persian زمستان (zemestân), Albanian dimër, Welsh gaeaf, Sanskrit हिम (himá), Hittite 𒄀𒈠𒀭 (gi-ma-an /⁠giman⁠/), Armenian ձմեռ (jmeṙ), and Proto-Slavic *zima.

Pronunciation

Noun

hiems in Austria

hiems f (genitive hiemis); third declension

  1. winter
    • 8 CE, Ovid, Fasti 3.235–236:
      quid, quod hiems adoperta gelū tunc dēnique cēdit, et pereunt lāpsae sōle tepente nivēs
      What of the fact that then frost-covered winter finally gives way, and the snows perish, melted in the warming sun; . (trans. Anne and Peter Wiseman, 2011)
  2. storm, stormy weather, tempest

Declension

Third-declension noun.

Case Singular Plural
Nominative hiems hiemēs
Genitive hiemis hiemum
Dative hiemī hiemibus
Accusative hiemem hiemēs
Ablative hieme hiemibus
Vocative hiems hiemēs

Synonyms

Derived terms

Further reading

  • hiems”, in Charlton T. Lewis and Charles Short (1879) A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press
  • hiems”, in Charlton T. Lewis (1891) An Elementary Latin Dictionary, New York: Harper & Brothers
  • hiems in Charles du Fresne du Cange’s Glossarium Mediæ et Infimæ Latinitatis (augmented edition with additions by D. P. Carpenterius, Adelungius and others, edited by Léopold Favre, 1883–1887)
  • hiems in Gaffiot, Félix (1934) Dictionnaire illustré latin-français, Hachette
  • Carl Meißner; Henry William Auden (1894) Latin Phrase-Book, London: Macmillan and Co.
    • in the height of summer, depth of winter: summa aestate, hieme
    • winter is at hand: hiems subest