hier

See also: Hier, Hiër, hièr, and hier-

Afrikaans

Alternative forms

hiir (obsolete)

Etymology

From Dutch hier, from Middle Dutch hier, from Old Dutch hier, from Proto-Germanic *hē₂r.

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /ɦir/
Audio: (file)
Rhymes: -ir
Hyphenation: hier

Adverb

hier

here

Derived terms

hierdie

Danish

Noun

hier n

indefinite plural of hi

Dutch

Etymology

From Middle Dutch hier, from Old Dutch hier, from Proto-Germanic *hē₂r.

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /ɦir/, ,
Audio (NL): (file)
Rhymes: -ir
Hyphenation: hier

Adverb

hier

here
(with a preposition) this

Usage notes

With a preposition, hier is used instead of dit to create a pronominal adverb. See also Category:Dutch pronominal adverbs.

Derived terms

Descendants

Afrikaans: hier
Berbice Creole Dutch: hiri
Jersey Dutch: hîr, hî
Negerhollands: hier, hie, hi

French

Etymology 1

Inherited from Old French ier, from Latin herī.

Pronunciation

^{(mute h)} IPA^(key): /jɛʁ/, /i.jɛʁ/
audio (file)
Rhymes: -jɛʁ

Adverb

hier

yesterday
- 2001, Elisabeth de Fontenay, Diderot ou le matérialisme enchanté:
  […] car il nous appartient que les choses changent dans le sens du meilleur, d’un meilleur peut-être précaire, et qui pourrait s’énoncer par cette maxime : mieux que rien, mieux qu’hier et mieux qu’aujourd’hui.
  because it's up to us to change things for the better — a perhaps precarious better — and which could be stated by this maxim: better than nothing, better than yesterday, and better than today.

Coordinate terms

Dates relative to today in French (layout · text)
	–3	–2	–1	0	+1	+2	+3
direct speech	three days ago	two days ago	yesterday	today	tomorrow	in two days	in three days
direct speech	avant-avant-hier	avant-hier	hier	aujourd’hui	demain	après-demain	après-après-demain
reported speech	three days before, three days earlier	two days before, two days earlier	the day before	on that day	the next day	two days later	three days later
reported speech	trois jours plus tôt	l’avant-veille	la veille	ce jour-là	le lendemain	le surlendemain	trois jours plus tard

Derived terms

Descendants

Haitian Creole: yè
→ Esperanto: hieraŭ

Etymology 2

Pronunciation

^{(aspirated h)} IPA^(key): /je/, /i.e/

Verb

hier

(obsolete) to stamp with a rod (hie)

Conjugation

Conjugation of hier (see also Appendix:French verbs)

infinitive	compound	avoir + past participle
infinitive	simple	hier
present participle or gerund¹	simple	hiant /jɑ̃/ or /i.ɑ̃/
present participle or gerund¹	compound	ayant + past participle
past participle		hié /je/ or /i.e/
		singular			plural
		first	second	third	first	second	third
indicative		je (j’)	tu	il, elle, on	nous	vous	ils, elles
(simple tenses)	present	hie /i/	hies /i/	hie /i/	hions /jɔ̃/ or /i.ɔ̃/	hiez /je/ or /i.e/	hient /i/
	imperfect	hiais /jɛ/ or /i.ɛ/	hiais /jɛ/ or /i.ɛ/	hiait /jɛ/ or /i.ɛ/	hiions /i.jɔ̃/	hiiez /i.je/	hiaient /jɛ/ or /i.ɛ/
	past historic²	hiai /je/ or /i.e/	hias /ja/ or /i.a/	hia /ja/ or /i.a/	hiâmes /jam/ or /i.am/	hiâtes /jat/ or /i.at/	hièrent /jɛʁ/ or /i.ɛʁ/
	future	hierai /i.ʁe/ or /i.ə.ʁe/	hieras /i.ʁa/ or /i.ə.ʁa/	hiera /i.ʁa/ or /i.ə.ʁa/	hierons /i.ʁɔ̃/ or /i.ə.ʁɔ̃/	hierez /i.ʁe/ or /i.ə.ʁe/	hieront /i.ʁɔ̃/ or /i.ə.ʁɔ̃/
	conditional	hierais /i.ʁɛ/ or /i.ə.ʁɛ/	hierais /i.ʁɛ/ or /i.ə.ʁɛ/	hierait /i.ʁɛ/ or /i.ə.ʁɛ/	hierions /i.ʁjɔ̃/ or /i.ə.ʁjɔ̃/	hieriez /i.ʁje/ or /i.ə.ʁje/	hieraient /i.ʁɛ/ or /i.ə.ʁɛ/
(compound tenses)	present perfect	present indicative of avoir + past participle
	pluperfect	imperfect indicative of avoir + past participle
	past anterior²	past historic of avoir + past participle
	future perfect	future of avoir + past participle
	conditional perfect	conditional of avoir + past participle
subjunctive		que je (j’)	que tu	qu’il, qu’elle	que nous	que vous	qu’ils, qu’elles
(simple tenses)	present	hie /i/	hies /i/	hie /i/	hiions /i.jɔ̃/	hiiez /i.je/	hient /i/
(simple tenses)	imperfect²	hiasse /jas/ or /i.as/	hiasses /jas/ or /i.as/	hiât /ja/ or /i.a/	hiassions /ja.sjɔ̃/ or /i.a.sjɔ̃/	hiassiez /ja.sje/ or /i.a.sje/	hiassent /jas/ or /i.as/
(compound tenses)	past	present subjunctive of avoir + past participle
(compound tenses)	pluperfect²	imperfect subjunctive of avoir + past participle
imperative		–	tu	–	~~nous~~	~~vous~~	–
simple		—	hie /i/	—	hions /jɔ̃/ or /i.ɔ̃/	hiez /je/ or /i.e/	—
compound		—	simple imperative of avoir + past participle	—	simple imperative of avoir + past participle	simple imperative of avoir + past participle	—
¹ The French gerund is usable only with the preposition en.
² In less formal writing or speech, these tenses may be found to have been replaced in the following way: past historic → present perfect past anterior → pluperfect imperfect subjunctive → present subjunctive pluperfect subjunctive → past subjunctive (Christopher Kendris , Master the Basics: French, pp. 77, 78, 79, 81).

Related terms

hie

German

Alternative forms

hie (archaic; except in hie und da)

Etymology

From Middle High German hier, from Old High German hier, from Proto-West Germanic *hēr. Cognate with Dutch hier, English here, Swedish här.

The predominant form in Middle High German and throughout modern dialects of High German is hie (and variants) with loss of the final -r. The form hier begins to gain ground from the late 16th century (in spite of Luther’s usage), which may point to influence by cognate Middle Low German hīr, hēr (where no r-less form seems to exist; but compare modern Limburgish heej).

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /hiːr/,
Audio (file)
Audio (file)
audio (Austria) (file)
Rhymes: -iːɐ̯

Adverb

hier

(location) here; in this place; refers to an environment one is currently in, or to something within reach
Ich bin hier in diesem Dorf geboren. ― I was born here in this village.

Setzen wir uns hier aufs Sofa. ― Let’s sit down here on the sofa.
(location) there; right there; in that place; refers to something that is considered nearby, or can be seen and pointed at
Synonym: da

Die Kirche ist gleich hier am Ende der Straße. ― The church is right there at the end of the street.

Siehst du die Wolke hier neben der Bergspitze? ― Can you see that cloud there next to the mountain top?
(abstract) here (within this context)
Die Frist wurde hier überhaupt nicht erwähnt. ― The deadline was not mentioned here at all.
used with the definite article or the determiner dieser (“this, that”) to express proximity (“this”)
Die Kneipe hier ist sehr beliebt. ― This pub is very popular.

Hier der Stuhl ist kaputt. ― This chair is broken.

Dieser Schrank hier ist 200 Jahre alt. ― This cupboard is 200 years old.

Derived terms

Interjection

hier

(colloquial) Used for emphasis or to call for attention, often when changing the subject
Hier, der Markus ist doch jetzt auch verheiratet, ne?
Hey, wait, Markus is married now, too, isn't he?

Hunsrik

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /ˈhiːɐ/

Adverb

hier

here
Bleib en bissje hier.
Stay here for a while.

Synonyms

do
hie

Luxembourgish

Etymology

From Old High German hera. Compare German her.

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /hiːr/, ,
Rhymes: -iːə
Homophones: Hier, hir

Adverb

hier

here; hither (to this place)

Middle Dutch

Etymology

From Old Dutch hier, from Proto-Germanic *hē₂r.

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /hiər/

Adverb

hier

here, in this place
to here, hither
now, at this time

Descendants

Dutch: hier, her
- Afrikaans: hier
Limburgish: hier; hie, heej (influenced by High German)

Middle English

Noun

hier

Alternative form of hire (“wages”)

Romanian

Etymology

Borrowed from Old Church Slavonic хиер (xier).

Noun

hier m (plural hieri)

the name of the "h" in the Cyrillic alphabet

Declension

Declension of hier

	singular		plural
	indefinite articulation	definite articulation	indefinite articulation	definite articulation
nominative/accusative	(un) hier	hierul	(niște) hieri	hierii
genitive/dative	(unui) hier	hierului	(unor) hieri	hierilor
vocative	hierule		hierilor