From Dutch hier, from Middle Dutch hier, from Old Dutch hier, from Proto-Germanic *hē₂r.
hier
hier n
From Middle Dutch hier, from Old Dutch hier, from Proto-West Germanic *hēr, from Proto-Germanic *hē₂r.
Audio (Netherlands): | (file) |
hier
With a preposition, hier is used instead of dit to create a pronominal adverb. See also Category:Dutch pronominal adverbs.
See also Category:Dutch pronominal adverbs.
Inherited from Old French ier, from Latin herī.
hier
Dates relative to today in French (layout · text) | |||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
–3 | –2 | –1 | 0 | +1 | +2 | +3 | |
direct speech | three days ago | two days ago | yesterday | today | tomorrow | in two days | in three days |
avant-avant-hier | avant-hier | hier | aujourd’hui | demain | après-demain | après-après-demain | |
reported speech | three days before, three days earlier | two days before, two days earlier | the day before | on that day | the next day | two days later | three days later |
trois jours plus tôt | l’avant-veille | la veille | ce jour-là | le lendemain | le surlendemain | trois jours plus tard |
hier
infinitive | simple | hier | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
compound | avoir + past participle | ||||||
present participle or gerund1 | simple | hiant /jɑ̃/ or /i.ɑ̃/ | |||||
compound | ayant + past participle | ||||||
past participle | hié /je/ or /i.e/ | ||||||
singular | plural | ||||||
first | second | third | first | second | third | ||
indicative | je (j’) | tu | il, elle, on | nous | vous | ils, elles | |
(simple tenses) |
present | hie /i/ |
hies /i/ |
hie /i/ |
hions /jɔ̃/ or /i.ɔ̃/ |
hiez /je/ or /i.e/ |
hient /i/ |
imperfect | hiais /jɛ/ or /i.ɛ/ |
hiais /jɛ/ or /i.ɛ/ |
hiait /jɛ/ or /i.ɛ/ |
hiions /i.jɔ̃/ |
hiiez /i.je/ |
hiaient /jɛ/ or /i.ɛ/ | |
past historic2 | hiai /je/ or /i.e/ |
hias /ja/ or /i.a/ |
hia /ja/ or /i.a/ |
hiâmes /jam/ or /i.am/ |
hiâtes /jat/ or /i.at/ |
hièrent /jɛʁ/ or /i.ɛʁ/ | |
future | hierai /i.ʁe/ or /i.ə.ʁe/ |
hieras /i.ʁa/ or /i.ə.ʁa/ |
hiera /i.ʁa/ or /i.ə.ʁa/ |
hierons /i.ʁɔ̃/ or /i.ə.ʁɔ̃/ |
hierez /i.ʁe/ or /i.ə.ʁe/ |
hieront /i.ʁɔ̃/ or /i.ə.ʁɔ̃/ | |
conditional | hierais /i.ʁɛ/ or /i.ə.ʁɛ/ |
hierais /i.ʁɛ/ or /i.ə.ʁɛ/ |
hierait /i.ʁɛ/ or /i.ə.ʁɛ/ |
hierions /i.ʁjɔ̃/ or /i.ə.ʁjɔ̃/ |
hieriez /i.ʁje/ or /i.ə.ʁje/ |
hieraient /i.ʁɛ/ or /i.ə.ʁɛ/ | |
(compound tenses) |
present perfect | present indicative of avoir + past participle | |||||
pluperfect | imperfect indicative of avoir + past participle | ||||||
past anterior2 | past historic of avoir + past participle | ||||||
future perfect | future of avoir + past participle | ||||||
conditional perfect | conditional of avoir + past participle | ||||||
subjunctive | que je (j’) | que tu | qu’il, qu’elle | que nous | que vous | qu’ils, qu’elles | |
(simple tenses) |
present | hie /i/ |
hies /i/ |
hie /i/ |
hiions /i.jɔ̃/ |
hiiez /i.je/ |
hient /i/ |
imperfect2 | hiasse /jas/ or /i.as/ |
hiasses /jas/ or /i.as/ |
hiât /ja/ or /i.a/ |
hiassions /ja.sjɔ̃/ or /i.a.sjɔ̃/ |
hiassiez /ja.sje/ or /i.a.sje/ |
hiassent /jas/ or /i.as/ | |
(compound tenses) |
past | present subjunctive of avoir + past participle | |||||
pluperfect2 | imperfect subjunctive of avoir + past participle | ||||||
imperative | – | – | – | ||||
simple | — | hie /i/ |
— | hions /jɔ̃/ or /i.ɔ̃/ |
hiez /je/ or /i.e/ |
— | |
compound | — | simple imperative of avoir + past participle | — | simple imperative of avoir + past participle | simple imperative of avoir + past participle | — | |
1 The French gerund is usable only with the preposition en. | |||||||
2 In less formal writing or speech, these tenses may be found to have been replaced in the following way:
(Christopher Kendris , Master the Basics: French, pp. 77, 78, 79, 81). |
From Middle High German hier, from Old High German hier, from Proto-West Germanic *hēr. Cognate with Dutch hier, English here, Swedish här.
The predominant form in Middle High German and throughout modern dialects of High German is hie (and variants) with loss of the final -r. The form hier begins to gain ground from the late 16th century (in spite of Luther’s usage), which may point to influence by cognate Middle Low German hīr, hēr (where no r-less form seems to exist; but compare modern Limburgish heej).
hier
hier
From Middle High German hier, from Old High German hier, from Proto-West Germanic *hēr.
hier
From Middle High German her, from Old High German hera. Compare German her.
hier
From Old Dutch hier, from Proto-West Germanic *hēr.
hier
hier
hīer
Borrowed from Old Church Slavonic хиер (xier).
hier m (plural hieri)
See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.
hier
From Old Frisian hīr, from Proto-West Germanic *hēr. Cognates include West Frisian hjir and German hier.
hier
hier
From Old Frisian hēr.
hier n or c (plural hierren, diminutive hierke)
From Old Frisian hēre, from Proto-West Germanic *hūʀiju.
hier c (plural hieren)