From Proto-Finnic *hijodak, from Proto-Finno-Ugric *šija-.
Cognates include Northern Sami sadjit (“to hone, file”),[1] Skolt Sami sââjjad (“to hone, grind, file”),[2] Erzya човамс (čovams), Moksha шовамс (šovams, “to hone, file, grind”)[3] and Eastern Mari шумем (šumem, “to sharpen, hone”).[4][5]
hioa
Inflection of hioa (Kotus type 52/sanoa, no gradation) | |||||||||||||||||||||
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indicative mood | |||||||||||||||||||||
present tense | perfect | ||||||||||||||||||||
person | positive | negative | person | positive | negative | ||||||||||||||||
1st sing. | hion | en hio | 1st sing. | olen hionut | en ole hionut | ||||||||||||||||
2nd sing. | hiot | et hio | 2nd sing. | olet hionut | et ole hionut | ||||||||||||||||
3rd sing. | hioo | ei hio | 3rd sing. | on hionut | ei ole hionut | ||||||||||||||||
1st plur. | hiomme | emme hio | 1st plur. | olemme hioneet | emme ole hioneet | ||||||||||||||||
2nd plur. | hiotte | ette hio | 2nd plur. | olette hioneet | ette ole hioneet | ||||||||||||||||
3rd plur. | hiovat | eivät hio | 3rd plur. | ovat hioneet | eivät ole hioneet | ||||||||||||||||
passive | hiotaan | ei hiota | passive | on hiottu | ei ole hiottu | ||||||||||||||||
past tense | pluperfect | ||||||||||||||||||||
person | positive | negative | person | positive | negative | ||||||||||||||||
1st sing. | hioin | en hionut | 1st sing. | olin hionut | en ollut hionut | ||||||||||||||||
2nd sing. | hioit | et hionut | 2nd sing. | olit hionut | et ollut hionut | ||||||||||||||||
3rd sing. | hioi | ei hionut | 3rd sing. | oli hionut | ei ollut hionut | ||||||||||||||||
1st plur. | hioimme | emme hioneet | 1st plur. | olimme hioneet | emme olleet hioneet | ||||||||||||||||
2nd plur. | hioitte | ette hioneet | 2nd plur. | olitte hioneet | ette olleet hioneet | ||||||||||||||||
3rd plur. | hioivat | eivät hioneet | 3rd plur. | olivat hioneet | eivät olleet hioneet | ||||||||||||||||
passive | hiottiin | ei hiottu | passive | oli hiottu | ei ollut hiottu | ||||||||||||||||
conditional mood | |||||||||||||||||||||
present | perfect | ||||||||||||||||||||
person | positive | negative | person | positive | negative | ||||||||||||||||
1st sing. | hioisin | en hioisi | 1st sing. | olisin hionut | en olisi hionut | ||||||||||||||||
2nd sing. | hioisit | et hioisi | 2nd sing. | olisit hionut | et olisi hionut | ||||||||||||||||
3rd sing. | hioisi | ei hioisi | 3rd sing. | olisi hionut | ei olisi hionut | ||||||||||||||||
1st plur. | hioisimme | emme hioisi | 1st plur. | olisimme hioneet | emme olisi hioneet | ||||||||||||||||
2nd plur. | hioisitte | ette hioisi | 2nd plur. | olisitte hioneet | ette olisi hioneet | ||||||||||||||||
3rd plur. | hioisivat | eivät hioisi | 3rd plur. | olisivat hioneet | eivät olisi hioneet | ||||||||||||||||
passive | hiottaisiin | ei hiottaisi | passive | olisi hiottu | ei olisi hiottu | ||||||||||||||||
imperative mood | |||||||||||||||||||||
present | perfect | ||||||||||||||||||||
person | positive | negative | person | positive | negative | ||||||||||||||||
1st sing. | — | — | 1st sing. | — | — | ||||||||||||||||
2nd sing. | hio | älä hio | 2nd sing. | — | — | ||||||||||||||||
3rd sing. | hiokoon | älköön hioko | 3rd sing. | olkoon hionut | älköön olko hionut | ||||||||||||||||
1st plur. | hiokaamme | älkäämme hioko | 1st plur. | — | — | ||||||||||||||||
2nd plur. | hiokaa | älkää hioko | 2nd plur. | — | — | ||||||||||||||||
3rd plur. | hiokoot | älkööt hioko | 3rd plur. | olkoot hioneet | älkööt olko hioneet | ||||||||||||||||
passive | hiottakoon | älköön hiottako | passive | olkoon hiottu | älköön olko hiottu | ||||||||||||||||
potential mood | |||||||||||||||||||||
present | perfect | ||||||||||||||||||||
person | positive | negative | person | positive | negative | ||||||||||||||||
1st sing. | hionen | en hione | 1st sing. | lienen hionut | en liene hionut | ||||||||||||||||
2nd sing. | hionet | et hione | 2nd sing. | lienet hionut | et liene hionut | ||||||||||||||||
3rd sing. | hionee | ei hione | 3rd sing. | lienee hionut | ei liene hionut | ||||||||||||||||
1st plur. | hionemme | emme hione | 1st plur. | lienemme hioneet | emme liene hioneet | ||||||||||||||||
2nd plur. | hionette | ette hione | 2nd plur. | lienette hioneet | ette liene hioneet | ||||||||||||||||
3rd plur. | hionevat | eivät hione | 3rd plur. | lienevät hioneet | eivät liene hioneet | ||||||||||||||||
passive | hiottaneen | ei hiottane | passive | lienee hiottu | ei liene hiottu | ||||||||||||||||
Nominal forms | |||||||||||||||||||||
infinitives | participles | ||||||||||||||||||||
active | passive | active | passive | ||||||||||||||||||
1st | hioa | present | hiova | hiottava | |||||||||||||||||
long 1st1 |
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past | hionut | hiottu | |||||||||||||||||
2nd | inessive2 | hioessa | hiottaessa | agent4 | hioma | ||||||||||||||||
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negative | hiomaton | |||||||||||||||||||
instructive | hioen | — | 1) Used only with a possessive suffix.
2) Usually with a possessive suffix (active only). | ||||||||||||||||||
3rd | inessive | hiomassa | — | ||||||||||||||||||
elative | hiomasta | — | |||||||||||||||||||
illative | hiomaan | — | |||||||||||||||||||
adessive | hiomalla | — | |||||||||||||||||||
abessive | hiomatta | — | |||||||||||||||||||
instructive | hioman | hiottaman | |||||||||||||||||||
4th3 | verbal noun | hiominen | |||||||||||||||||||
5th1 |
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