From Proto-Finnic *hijodak, from Proto-Finno-Ugric *šija-.
Cognates include Northern Sami sadjit (“to hone, file”), Skolt Sami sââjjad (“to hone, grind, file”), Erzya човамс (čovams), Moksha шовамс (šovams, “to hone, file, grind”) and Eastern Mari шумем (šumem, “to sharpen, hone”).
hioa
Inflection of hioa (Kotus type 52/sanoa, no gradation) | |||||||||||||||||||||
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indicative mood | |||||||||||||||||||||
present tense | perfect | ||||||||||||||||||||
person | positive | negative | person | positive | negative | ||||||||||||||||
1st sing. | hion | en hio | 1st sing. | olen hionut | en ole hionut | ||||||||||||||||
2nd sing. | hiot | et hio | 2nd sing. | olet hionut | et ole hionut | ||||||||||||||||
3rd sing. | hioo | ei hio | 3rd sing. | on hionut | ei ole hionut | ||||||||||||||||
1st plur. | hiomme | emme hio | 1st plur. | olemme hioneet | emme ole hioneet | ||||||||||||||||
2nd plur. | hiotte | ette hio | 2nd plur. | olette hioneet | ette ole hioneet | ||||||||||||||||
3rd plur. | hiovat | eivät hio | 3rd plur. | ovat hioneet | eivät ole hioneet | ||||||||||||||||
passive | hiotaan | ei hiota | passive | on hiottu | ei ole hiottu | ||||||||||||||||
past tense | pluperfect | ||||||||||||||||||||
person | positive | negative | person | positive | negative | ||||||||||||||||
1st sing. | hioin | en hionut | 1st sing. | olin hionut | en ollut hionut | ||||||||||||||||
2nd sing. | hioit | et hionut | 2nd sing. | olit hionut | et ollut hionut | ||||||||||||||||
3rd sing. | hioi | ei hionut | 3rd sing. | oli hionut | ei ollut hionut | ||||||||||||||||
1st plur. | hioimme | emme hioneet | 1st plur. | olimme hioneet | emme olleet hioneet | ||||||||||||||||
2nd plur. | hioitte | ette hioneet | 2nd plur. | olitte hioneet | ette olleet hioneet | ||||||||||||||||
3rd plur. | hioivat | eivät hioneet | 3rd plur. | olivat hioneet | eivät olleet hioneet | ||||||||||||||||
passive | hiottiin | ei hiottu | passive | oli hiottu | ei ollut hiottu | ||||||||||||||||
conditional mood | |||||||||||||||||||||
present | perfect | ||||||||||||||||||||
person | positive | negative | person | positive | negative | ||||||||||||||||
1st sing. | hioisin | en hioisi | 1st sing. | olisin hionut | en olisi hionut | ||||||||||||||||
2nd sing. | hioisit | et hioisi | 2nd sing. | olisit hionut | et olisi hionut | ||||||||||||||||
3rd sing. | hioisi | ei hioisi | 3rd sing. | olisi hionut | ei olisi hionut | ||||||||||||||||
1st plur. | hioisimme | emme hioisi | 1st plur. | olisimme hioneet | emme olisi hioneet | ||||||||||||||||
2nd plur. | hioisitte | ette hioisi | 2nd plur. | olisitte hioneet | ette olisi hioneet | ||||||||||||||||
3rd plur. | hioisivat | eivät hioisi | 3rd plur. | olisivat hioneet | eivät olisi hioneet | ||||||||||||||||
passive | hiottaisiin | ei hiottaisi | passive | olisi hiottu | ei olisi hiottu | ||||||||||||||||
imperative mood | |||||||||||||||||||||
present | perfect | ||||||||||||||||||||
person | positive | negative | person | positive | negative | ||||||||||||||||
1st sing. | — | — | 1st sing. | — | — | ||||||||||||||||
2nd sing. | hio | älä hio | 2nd sing. | — | — | ||||||||||||||||
3rd sing. | hiokoon | älköön hioko | 3rd sing. | olkoon hionut | älköön olko hionut | ||||||||||||||||
1st plur. | hiokaamme | älkäämme hioko | 1st plur. | — | — | ||||||||||||||||
2nd plur. | hiokaa | älkää hioko | 2nd plur. | — | — | ||||||||||||||||
3rd plur. | hiokoot | älkööt hioko | 3rd plur. | olkoot hioneet | älkööt olko hioneet | ||||||||||||||||
passive | hiottakoon | älköön hiottako | passive | olkoon hiottu | älköön olko hiottu | ||||||||||||||||
potential mood | |||||||||||||||||||||
present | perfect | ||||||||||||||||||||
person | positive | negative | person | positive | negative | ||||||||||||||||
1st sing. | hionen | en hione | 1st sing. | lienen hionut | en liene hionut | ||||||||||||||||
2nd sing. | hionet | et hione | 2nd sing. | lienet hionut | et liene hionut | ||||||||||||||||
3rd sing. | hionee | ei hione | 3rd sing. | lienee hionut | ei liene hionut | ||||||||||||||||
1st plur. | hionemme | emme hione | 1st plur. | lienemme hioneet | emme liene hioneet | ||||||||||||||||
2nd plur. | hionette | ette hione | 2nd plur. | lienette hioneet | ette liene hioneet | ||||||||||||||||
3rd plur. | hionevat | eivät hione | 3rd plur. | lienevät hioneet | eivät liene hioneet | ||||||||||||||||
passive | hiottaneen | ei hiottane | passive | lienee hiottu | ei liene hiottu | ||||||||||||||||
Nominal forms | |||||||||||||||||||||
infinitives | participles | ||||||||||||||||||||
active | passive | active | passive | ||||||||||||||||||
1st | hioa | present | hiova | hiottava | |||||||||||||||||
long 1st1 |
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past | hionut | hiottu | |||||||||||||||||
2nd | inessive2 | hioessa | hiottaessa | agent3 | hioma | ||||||||||||||||
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negative | hiomaton | |||||||||||||||||||
instructive | hioen | — | 1) Used only with a possessive suffix. 2) Usually with a possessive suffix (active only). | ||||||||||||||||||
3rd | inessive | hiomassa | — | ||||||||||||||||||
elative | hiomasta | — | |||||||||||||||||||
illative | hiomaan | — | |||||||||||||||||||
adessive | hiomalla | — | |||||||||||||||||||
abessive | hiomatta | — | |||||||||||||||||||
instructive | hioman | hiottaman | |||||||||||||||||||
4th4 | verbal noun | hiominen | |||||||||||||||||||
5th1 |
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