hipoa

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Finnish

Etymology

From hip- +‎ -oa. Probably the same root with hioa (in which case the -p- might be analogous to other gradation patterns; compare hivellä).

Pronunciation

Verb

hipoa

  1. to graze, (barely) touch, to verge on
    Näin lentokoneen hipovan puitten latvoja.
    I could see the airplane graze the treetops.
    Jelena Isinbajeva hipoi maailmanennätystä Lontoossa.
    Yelena Isinbayeva came close to a world record in London.

Conjugation

Inflection of hipoa (Kotus type 52*E/sanoa, p-v gradation)
indicative mood
present tense perfect
person positive negative person positive negative
1st sing. hivon en hivo 1st sing. olen hiponut en ole hiponut
2nd sing. hivot et hivo 2nd sing. olet hiponut et ole hiponut
3rd sing. hipoo ei hivo 3rd sing. on hiponut ei ole hiponut
1st plur. hivomme emme hivo 1st plur. olemme hiponeet emme ole hiponeet
2nd plur. hivotte ette hivo 2nd plur. olette hiponeet ette ole hiponeet
3rd plur. hipovat eivät hivo 3rd plur. ovat hiponeet eivät ole hiponeet
passive hivotaan ei hivota passive on hivottu ei ole hivottu
past tense pluperfect
person positive negative person positive negative
1st sing. hivoin en hiponut 1st sing. olin hiponut en ollut hiponut
2nd sing. hivoit et hiponut 2nd sing. olit hiponut et ollut hiponut
3rd sing. hipoi ei hiponut 3rd sing. oli hiponut ei ollut hiponut
1st plur. hivoimme emme hiponeet 1st plur. olimme hiponeet emme olleet hiponeet
2nd plur. hivoitte ette hiponeet 2nd plur. olitte hiponeet ette olleet hiponeet
3rd plur. hipoivat eivät hiponeet 3rd plur. olivat hiponeet eivät olleet hiponeet
passive hivottiin ei hivottu passive oli hivottu ei ollut hivottu
conditional mood
present perfect
person positive negative person positive negative
1st sing. hipoisin en hipoisi 1st sing. olisin hiponut en olisi hiponut
2nd sing. hipoisit et hipoisi 2nd sing. olisit hiponut et olisi hiponut
3rd sing. hipoisi ei hipoisi 3rd sing. olisi hiponut ei olisi hiponut
1st plur. hipoisimme emme hipoisi 1st plur. olisimme hiponeet emme olisi hiponeet
2nd plur. hipoisitte ette hipoisi 2nd plur. olisitte hiponeet ette olisi hiponeet
3rd plur. hipoisivat eivät hipoisi 3rd plur. olisivat hiponeet eivät olisi hiponeet
passive hivottaisiin ei hivottaisi passive olisi hivottu ei olisi hivottu
imperative mood
present perfect
person positive negative person positive negative
1st sing. — — 1st sing. — —
2nd sing. hivo älä hivo 2nd sing. — —
3rd sing. hipokoon älköön hipoko 3rd sing. olkoon hiponut älköön olko hiponut
1st plur. hipokaamme älkäämme hipoko 1st plur. — —
2nd plur. hipokaa älkää hipoko 2nd plur. — —
3rd plur. hipokoot älkööt hipoko 3rd plur. olkoot hiponeet älkööt olko hiponeet
passive hivottakoon älköön hivottako passive olkoon hivottu älköön olko hivottu
potential mood
present perfect
person positive negative person positive negative
1st sing. hiponen en hipone 1st sing. lienen hiponut en liene hiponut
2nd sing. hiponet et hipone 2nd sing. lienet hiponut et liene hiponut
3rd sing. hiponee ei hipone 3rd sing. lienee hiponut ei liene hiponut
1st plur. hiponemme emme hipone 1st plur. lienemme hiponeet emme liene hiponeet
2nd plur. hiponette ette hipone 2nd plur. lienette hiponeet ette liene hiponeet
3rd plur. hiponevat eivät hipone 3rd plur. lienevät hiponeet eivät liene hiponeet
passive hivottaneen ei hivottane passive lienee hivottu ei liene hivottu
Nominal forms
infinitives participles
active passive active passive
1st hipoa present hipova hivottava
long 1st1
Possessive forms
Person sing. plur.
1st hipoakseni hipoaksemme
2nd hipoaksesi hipoaksenne
3rd hipoakseen
hipoaksensa
past hiponut hivottu
2nd inessive2 hipoessa hivottaessa agent4 hipoma
Possessive forms
Person sing. plur.
1st hipoessani hipoessamme
2nd hipoessasi hipoessanne
3rd hipoessaan
hipoessansa
negative hipomaton
instructive hipoen —
1) Used only with a possessive suffix.

2) Usually with a possessive suffix (active only).
3) Some uses of the verbal noun are called the 'fourth infinitive' by certain sources (more details).

4) Usually with a possessive suffix. May not be used with all verbs, especially intransitive ones (more details). Distinct from nouns with the -ma suffix and third infinitive forms.
3rd inessive hipomassa —
elative hipomasta —
illative hipomaan —
adessive hipomalla —
abessive hipomatta —
instructive hipoman hivottaman
4th3 verbal noun hipominen
5th1
Possessive forms
Person sing. plur.
1st hipomaisillani hipomaisillamme
2nd hipomaisillasi hipomaisillanne
3rd hipomaisillaan
hipomaisillansa

Derived terms

References

  • Itkonen, Erkki, Kulonen, Ulla-Maija, editors (1992–2000), Suomen sanojen alkuperä [The origin of Finnish words]‎ (in Finnish) (online version; note: also includes other etymological sources; this source is labeled "SSA 1992–2000"), Helsinki: Institute for the Languages of Finland/Finnish Literature Society, →ISBN

Further reading

Wikious
Boobota
Sagapedia