hirm

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See also: Hirm

Estonian

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Etymology

From Proto-Finnic *hirmu. Cognate with Finnish hirmu, Votic irmu, Ingrian hirmu, Karelian hirmu and Livonian irm.

Pronunciation

  • IPA(key): /ˈhirm/,
  • Rhymes: -irm
  • Hyphenation: hirm

Noun

hirm (genitive hirmu, partitive hirmu)

  1. fear, fright; terror; horror; anxiety; dread
    1. A state of agitation caused by a distinctively perceptible danger (with genitive case + ees; elative case; genitive case + pärast; partitive case + verb).
      Naine tundis kohutavat hirmu vananemise ees.
      The woman was terribly afraid of ageing.
      (literally, “The woman felt terrible fear in front of ageing.”)
      Hirm töökohta kaotada on suur.
      The fear of losing my job is big.
    2. A frightening creature or thing.
      See koer on meie tänava hirm.
      Everyone on our street is terrified of that dog.
      (literally, “That dog is the fear of our street.”)
      1. Tyranny, reign of terror.
        Pätikamp hoidis tervet küla hirmu all.
        The gang of thugs was holding the whole village under their tyranny.

Declension

Declension of hirm (ÕS type 22e/riik, length gradation)
singular plural
nominative hirm hirmud
accusative nom.
gen. hirmu
genitive hirmude
partitive hirmu hirme
hirmusid
illative hirmu
hirmusse 		hirmudesse
hirmesse
inessive hirmus hirmudes
hirmes
elative hirmust hirmudest
hirmest
allative hirmule hirmudele
hirmele
adessive hirmul hirmudel
hirmel
ablative hirmult hirmudelt
hirmelt
translative hirmuks hirmudeks
hirmeks
terminative hirmuni hirmudeni
essive hirmuna hirmudena
abessive hirmuta hirmudeta
comitative hirmuga hirmudega

Synonyms

Derived terms

Derived terms

References

  • “hirm”, in Eesti keele põhisõnavara sõnastik [Dictionary of Estonian Basic Vocabulary] (in Estonian) (online version, not updated), Tallinn: Eesti Keele Sihtasutus (Estonian Language Foundation), 2014
  • “hirm”, in Eesti keele seletav sõnaraamat [Descriptive Dictionary of the Estonian Language] (in Estonian) (online version), Tallinn: Eesti Keele Sihtasutus (Estonian Language Foundation), 2009
  • “hirm”, in [ÕS] Eesti õigekeelsussõnaraamat ÕS 2018 [Estonian Spelling Dictionary] (in Estonian) (online version), Tallinn: Eesti Keele Sihtasutus (Estonian Language Foundation), 2018, →ISBN
  • hirm in Sõnaveeb (Eesti Keele Instituut)
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