hirnua

²⁾ Usually with a possessive suffix (active only).
³⁾ Some uses of the verbal noun are called the 'fourth infinitive' by certain sources (more details).

⁴⁾ Usually with a possessive suffix. May not be used with all verbs, especially intransitive ones (more details). Distinct from nouns with the -ma suffix and third infinitive forms.

3rd

inessive

hirnumassa

—

elative

hirnumasta

—

illative

hirnumaan

—

adessive

hirnumalla

—

abessive

hirnumatta

—

instructive

hirnuman

hirnuttaman

4th³

verbal noun

hirnuminen

5th¹

Possessive forms
Person	sing.	plur.
1st	hirnumaisillani	hirnumaisillamme
2nd	hirnumaisillasi	hirnumaisillanne
3rd	hirnumaisillaan hirnumaisillansa

Derived terms

Anagrams

hanuri, hurina

Ingrian

Examples

Hepoisen hirnumiin (1).

Alternative forms

hernua

Etymology

From Proto-Finnic *hirnudak, of onomatopoeic origin. Cognates include Finnish hirnua and Estonian hirnuda.

The sense "to laugh" is an innovation, but is also present in colloquial Finnish hirnua. Compare also colloquial Russian ржать (ržatʹ).

Pronunciation

(Ala-Laukaa) IPA^(key): /ˈhirnuɑ/,
(Soikkola) IPA^(key): /ˈhirnuɑ/,
Rhymes: -irnoː, -irnuɑ
Hyphenation: hir‧nu‧a

Verb

hirnua

(intransitive) to neigh
- 1936, V. I. Junus, P. L. Maksimov, Inkeroisin keelen oppikirja alkuşkouluja vart (ensimäine osa), Leningrad: Riikin Ucebno-pedagogiceskoi Izdateljstva, page 4:
  Hepoin hirnuu. Kana kaakattaa.
  The horse neighs. The chicken cackles.
(intransitive) to laugh

Conjugation

Conjugation of hirnua (type 1/ampua, no gradation)
Indikativa
Preesens			Perfekta
	positive	negative		positive	negative
1st singular	hirnun	en hirnu	1st singular	oon hirnunt, oon hirnunut	en oo hirnunt, en oo hirnunut
2nd singular	hirnut	et hirnu	2nd singular	oot hirnunt, oot hirnunut	et oo hirnunt, et oo hirnunut
3rd singular	hirnuu	ei hirnu	3rd singular	ono hirnunt, ono hirnunut	ei oo hirnunt, ei oo hirnunut
1st plural	hirnumma	emmä hirnu	1st plural	oomma hirnuneet	emmä oo hirnuneet
2nd plural	hirnutta	että hirnu	2nd plural	ootta hirnuneet	että oo hirnuneet
3rd plural	hirnuut¹⁾, hirnuvat²⁾, hirnutaa	evät hirnu, ei hirnuta	3rd plural	ovat hirnuneet	evät oo hirnuneet, ei oo hirnuttu
impersonal	hirnutaa	ei hirnuta	impersonal	ono hirnuttu	ei oo hirnuttu
Imperfekta			Pluskvamperfekta
	positive	negative		positive	negative
1st singular	hirnuin	en hirnunt, en hirnunut	1st singular	olin hirnunt, olin hirnunut	en olt hirnunt, en olt hirnunut
2nd singular	hirnuit	et hirnunt, et hirnunut	2nd singular	olit hirnunt, olit hirnunut	et olt hirnunt, et olt hirnunut
3rd singular	hirnui	ei hirnunt, ei hirnunut	3rd singular	oli hirnunt, oli hirnunut	ei olt hirnunt, ei olt hirnunut
1st plural	hirnuimma	emmä hirnuneet	1st plural	olimma hirnuneet	emmä olleet hirnuneet
2nd plural	hirnuitta	että hirnuneet	2nd plural	olitta hirnuneet	että olleet hirnuneet
3rd plural	hirnuit¹⁾, hirnuivat²⁾, hirnuttii	evät hirnuneet, ei hirnuttu	3rd plural	olivat hirnuneet	evät olleet hirnuneet, ei olt hirnuttu
impersonal	hirnuttii	ei hirnuttu	impersonal	oli hirnuttu	ei olt hirnuttu
Konditsionala
Preesens			Perfekta
	positive	negative		positive	negative
1st singular	hirnuisin	en hirnuis	1st singular	olisin hirnunt, olisin hirnunut	en olis hirnunt, en olis hirnunut
2nd singular	hirnuisit, hirnuist¹⁾	et hirnuis	2nd singular	olisit hirnunt, olisit hirnunut	et olis hirnunt, et olis hirnunut
3rd singular	hirnuis	ei hirnuis	3rd singular	olis hirnunt, olis hirnunut	ei olis hirnunt, ei olis hirnunut
1st plural	hirnuisimma	emmä hirnuis	1st plural	olisimma hirnuneet	emmä olis hirnuneet
2nd plural	hirnuisitta	että hirnuis	2nd plural	olisitta hirnuneet	että olis hirnuneet
3rd plural	hirnuisiit¹⁾, hirnuisivat²⁾, hirnuttais	evät hirnuis, ei hirnuttais	3rd plural	olisivat hirnuneet	evät olis hirnuneet, ei olis hirnuttu
impersonal	hirnuttais	ei hirnuttais	impersonal	olis hirnuttu	ei olis hirnuttu
Imperativa
Preesens			Perfekta
	positive	negative		positive	negative
1st singular	—	—	1st singular	—	—
2nd singular	hirnu	elä hirnu	2nd singular	oo hirnunt, oo hirnunut	elä oo hirnunt, elä oo hirnunut
3rd singular	hirnukoo	elköö hirnuko	3rd singular	olkoo hirnunt, olkoo hirnunut	elköö olko hirnunt, elköö olko hirnunut
1st plural	—	—	1st plural	—	—
2nd plural	hirnukaa	elkää hirnuko	2nd plural	olkaa hirnuneet	elkää olko hirnuneet
3rd plural	hirnukoot	elkööt hirnuko, elköö hirnuttako	3rd plural	olkoot hirnuneet	elkööt olko hirnuneet, elköö olko hirnuttu
impersonal	hirnuttakkoo	elköö hirnuttako	impersonal	olkoo hirnuttu	elköö olko hirnuttu
Potentsiala
Preesens
	positive	negative
1st singular	hirnunen	en hirnune
2nd singular	hirnunet	et hirnune
3rd singular	hirnunoo	ei hirnune
1st plural	hirnunemma	emmä hirnune
2nd plural	hirnunetta	että hirnune
3rd plural	hirnunoot	evät hirnune, ei hirnuttane
impersonal	hirnuttannoo	ei hirnuttane
Nominal forms
Infinitivat			Partisipat
				active	passive
1st		hirnua	present	hirnuva	hirnuttava
2nd	inessive	hirnujees	past	hirnunt, hirnunut	hirnuttu
2nd	instructive	hirnuen	¹⁾ Chiefly in the Soikkola dialect. ²⁾ Chiefly in the Ala-Laukaa dialect. ^) For the imperative, the 2nd plural (hirnukaa) may be used for the 3rd person as well. ^) The interrogative is formed by adding the suffix -k (-ka^?/-kä^?) to the indicative ^*) The deliberative is formed by adding the suffix -k (-ka^?/-kä^?) or -kse* to either the indicative or the potential ^***) In folk poetry, a long first infinitive can be formed by adding the suffix -kse-*, followed by possessive suffixes, to the first infinitive. Note that sometimes gemination may be undone by this addition.
3rd	illative	hirnumaa
	inessive	hirnumaas
	elative	hirnumast
	abessive	hirnumata
4th	nominative	hirnumiin
	partitive	hirnumista, hirnumist

Synonyms

(to laugh): nagraa; hohottaa, hehettää (“to guffaw”)

Derived terms

References

Ruben E. Nirvi (1971) Inkeroismurteiden Sanakirja, Helsinki: Suomalais-Ugrilainen Seura, page 62

hirnua

Finnish

Etymology

Pronunciation

Verb

Conjugation

Derived terms

Further reading

Anagrams

Ingrian

Alternative forms

Etymology

Pronunciation

Verb

Conjugation

Synonyms

Derived terms

References

Wikious

Boobota

Sagapedia