hljóta

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Icelandic

Etymology

From Old Norse hljóta, from Proto-Germanic *hleutaną.

Pronunciation

Verb

hljóta (strong verb, third-person singular past indicative hlaut, third-person plural past indicative hlutu, supine hlotið)

  1. to obtain, to get, to receive, to draw, to take
    Synonym: hlotnast
    Ég hlýt bílinn í aðalverðlaun.
    I get the car for first prize.
    Hún hlaut styrk til háskólanáms.
    She received a scholarship to a university.
  2. (auxiliary) must, to have to, to be bound to
    Synonym: verða
    Hann hlýtur að vera kominn — hann er aldrei seinn.
    He must be here already—he's never late.

Conjugation

hljóta — active voice (germynd)
infinitive
(nafnháttur) 		að hljóta
supine
(sagnbót) 		hlotið
present participle
(lýsingarháttur nútíðar) 		hljótandi
indicative
(framsöguháttur) 		subjunctive
(viðtengingarháttur)
present
(nútíð) 		ég hlýt við hljótum present
(nútíð) 		ég hljóti við hljótum
þú hlýtur þið hljótið þú hljótir þið hljótið
hann, hún, það hlýtur þeir, þær, þau hljóta hann, hún, það hljóti þeir, þær, þau hljóti
past
(þátíð) 		ég hlaut við hlutum past
(þátíð) 		ég hlyti við hlytum
þú hlaust þið hlutuð þú hlytir þið hlytuð
hann, hún, það hlaut þeir, þær, þau hlutu hann, hún, það hlyti þeir, þær, þau hlytu
imperative
(boðháttur) 		hljót (þú) hljótið (þið)
Forms with appended personal pronoun
hljóttu hljótiði *
* Spoken form, usually not written; in writing, the unappended plural form (optionally followed by the full pronoun) is preferred.
hljótast — mediopassive voice (miðmynd)
infinitive
(nafnháttur) 		að hljótast
supine
(sagnbót) 		hlotist
present participle
(lýsingarháttur nútíðar) 		hljótandist **
** the mediopassive present participle is extremely rare and normally not used; it is never used attributively or predicatively, only for explicatory subclauses
indicative
(framsöguháttur) 		subjunctive
(viðtengingarháttur)
present
(nútíð) 		ég hlýst við hljótumst present
(nútíð) 		ég hljótist við hljótumst
þú hlýst þið hljótist þú hljótist þið hljótist
hann, hún, það hlýst þeir, þær, þau hljótast hann, hún, það hljótist þeir, þær, þau hljótist
past
(þátíð) 		ég hlaust við hlutumst past
(þátíð) 		ég hlytist við hlytumst
þú hlaust þið hlutust þú hlytist þið hlytust
hann, hún, það hlaust þeir, þær, þau hlutust hann, hún, það hlytist þeir, þær, þau hlytust
imperative
(boðháttur) 		hljóst (þú) hljótist (þið)
Forms with appended personal pronoun
hljóstu hljótisti *
* Spoken form, usually not written; in writing, the unappended plural form (optionally followed by the full pronoun) is preferred.
hlotinn — past participle (lýsingarháttur þátíðar)
strong declension
(sterk beyging) 		singular (eintala) plural (fleirtala)
masculine
(karlkyn) 		feminine
(kvenkyn) 		neuter
(hvorugkyn) 		masculine
(karlkyn) 		feminine
(kvenkyn) 		neuter
(hvorugkyn)
nominative
(nefnifall) 		hlotinn hlotin hlotið hlotnir hlotnar hlotin
accusative
(þolfall) 		hlotinn hlotna hlotið hlotna hlotnar hlotin
dative
(þágufall) 		hlotnum hlotinni hlotnu hlotnum hlotnum hlotnum
genitive
(eignarfall) 		hlotins hlotinnar hlotins hlotinna hlotinna hlotinna
weak declension
(veik beyging) 		singular (eintala) plural (fleirtala)
masculine
(karlkyn) 		feminine
(kvenkyn) 		neuter
(hvorugkyn) 		masculine
(karlkyn) 		feminine
(kvenkyn) 		neuter
(hvorugkyn)
nominative
(nefnifall) 		hlotni hlotna hlotna hlotnu hlotnu hlotnu
accusative
(þolfall) 		hlotna hlotnu hlotna hlotnu hlotnu hlotnu
dative
(þágufall) 		hlotna hlotnu hlotna hlotnu hlotnu hlotnu
genitive
(eignarfall) 		hlotna hlotnu hlotna hlotnu hlotnu hlotnu

Derived terms

See also

Old Norse

Etymology

From Proto-Germanic *hleutaną, whence also Old English hlēotan, Old Saxon hliotan, Old High German hliozan.

Verb

hljóta

  1. to get by lot, have allotted to oneself

Conjugation

Conjugation of hljóta — active (strong class 2)
infinitive hljóta
present participle hljótandi
past participle hlotinn
indicative present past
1st-person singular hlýt hlaut
2nd-person singular hlýtr hlauzt
3rd-person singular hlýtr hlaut
1st-person plural hljótum hlutum
2nd-person plural hljótið hlutuð
3rd-person plural hljóta hlutu
subjunctive present past
1st-person singular hljóta hlyta
2nd-person singular hljótir hlytir
3rd-person singular hljóti hlyti
1st-person plural hljótim hlytim
2nd-person plural hljótið hlytið
3rd-person plural hljóti hlyti
imperative present
2nd-person singular hljót
1st-person plural hljótum
2nd-person plural hljótið
Conjugation of hljóta — mediopassive (strong class 2)
infinitive hljótask
present participle hljótandisk
past participle hlotizk
indicative present past
1st-person singular hljótumk hlutumk
2nd-person singular hlýzk hlauzk
3rd-person singular hlýzk hlauzk
1st-person plural hljótumsk hlutumsk
2nd-person plural hljótizk hlutuzk
3rd-person plural hljótask hlutusk
subjunctive present past
1st-person singular hljótumk hlytumk
2nd-person singular hljótisk hlytisk
3rd-person singular hljótisk hlytisk
1st-person plural hljótimsk hlytimsk
2nd-person plural hljótizk hlytizk
3rd-person plural hljótisk hlytisk
imperative present
2nd-person singular hlýzk
1st-person plural hljótumsk
2nd-person plural hljótizk

Descendants

  • Icelandic: hljóta
  • Faroese: ljóta
  • Norwegian (nynorsk): ljote, lyta, lyte
  • Old Swedish: liūta, lȳta
  • Old Danish: liuta

References

Wikious
Boobota
Sagapedia