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See also: Houer

French

Etymology

From Middle French houer, from Old French hoer. Synchronically houe +‎ -er.

Pronunciation

Verb

houer

  1. to hoe

Conjugation

Conjugation of houer (see also Appendix:French verbs)
infinitive simple houer
compound avoir + past participle
present participle or gerund1 simple houant
/u.ɑ̃/
compound ayant + past participle
past participle houé
/u.e/
singular plural
first second third first second third
indicative je (j’) tu il, elle, on nous vous ils, elles
(simple
tenses) 		present houe
/u/ 		houes
/u/ 		houe
/u/ 		houons
/u.ɔ̃/ 		houez
/u.e/ 		houent
/u/
imperfect houais
/u.ɛ/ 		houais
/u.ɛ/ 		houait
/u.ɛ/ 		houions
/u.jɔ̃/ 		houiez
/u.je/ 		houaient
/u.ɛ/
past historic2 houai
/u.e/ 		houas
/u.a/ 		houa
/u.a/ 		houâmes
/u.am/ 		houâtes
/u.at/ 		houèrent
/u.ɛʁ/
future houerai
/u.ə.ʁe/ 		houeras
/u.ə.ʁa/ 		houera
/u.ə.ʁa/ 		houerons
/u.ə.ʁɔ̃/ 		houerez
/u.ə.ʁe/ 		houeront
/u.ə.ʁɔ̃/
conditional houerais
/u.ə.ʁɛ/ 		houerais
/u.ə.ʁɛ/ 		houerait
/u.ə.ʁɛ/ 		houerions
/u.ə.ʁjɔ̃/ 		houeriez
/u.ə.ʁje/ 		houeraient
/u.ə.ʁɛ/
(compound
tenses) 		present perfect present indicative of avoir + past participle
pluperfect imperfect indicative of avoir + past participle
past anterior2 past historic of avoir + past participle
future perfect future of avoir + past participle
conditional perfect conditional of avoir + past participle
subjunctive que je (j’) que tu qu’il, qu’elle que nous que vous qu’ils, qu’elles
(simple
tenses) 		present houe
/u/ 		houes
/u/ 		houe
/u/ 		houions
/u.jɔ̃/ 		houiez
/u.je/ 		houent
/u/
imperfect2 houasse
/u.as/ 		houasses
/u.as/ 		houât
/u.a/ 		houassions
/u.a.sjɔ̃/ 		houassiez
/u.a.sje/ 		houassent
/u.as/
(compound
tenses) 		past present subjunctive of avoir + past participle
pluperfect2 imperfect subjunctive of avoir + past participle
imperative – tu – nous vous –
simple — houe
/u/ 		— houons
/u.ɔ̃/ 		houez
/u.e/ 		—
compound — simple imperative of avoir + past participle — simple imperative of avoir + past participle simple imperative of avoir + past participle —
1 The French gerund is usable only with the preposition en.
2 In less formal writing or speech, these tenses may be found to have been replaced in the following way:
past historic → present perfect
past anterior → pluperfect
imperfect subjunctive → present subjunctive
pluperfect subjunctive → past subjunctive

(Christopher Kendris , Master the Basics: French, pp. 77, 78, 79, 81).

Further reading

Middle French

Etymology

From Old French hoer. Synchronically houe +‎ -er.

Verb

houer

  1. to hoe

Conjugation

  • Middle French conjugation varies from one text to another. Hence, the following conjugation should be considered as typical, not as exhaustive.
Conjugation of houer
infinitive simple houer
compound avoir + past participle
present participle1 or gerund2 simple houant
compound present participle or gerund of avoir + past participle
past participle houé
singular plural
first second third first second third
indicative ie (i’) tu il, elle nous vous ilz, elles
(simple
tenses) 		present houe houes houe houons houez houent
imperfect houois, houoys houois, houoys houoit, houoyt houions, houyons houiez, houyez houoient, houoyent
past historic houa houas houa houasmes houastes houerent
future houerai, houeray houeras houera houerons houerez houeront
conditional houerois, houeroys houerois, houeroys houeroit, houeroyt houerions, houeryons houeriez, houeryez houeroient, houeroyent
(compound
tenses) 		present perfect present indicative of avoir + past participle
pluperfect imperfect indicative of avoir + past participle
past anterior past historic of avoir + past participle
future perfect future of avoir + past participle
conditional perfect conditional of avoir + past participle
subjunctive que ie (i’) que tu qu’il, qu’elle que nous que vous qu’ilz, qu’elles
(simple
tenses) 		present houe houes houe houons houez houent
imperfect houasse houasses houast houassions houassiez houassent
(compound
tenses) 		past present subjunctive of avoir + past participle
pluperfect imperfect subjunctive of avoir + past participle
imperative – tu – nous vous –
simple — houe — houons houez —
compound — simple imperative of avoir + past participle — simple imperative of avoir + past participle simple imperative of avoir + past participle —
1 The present participle was variable in gender and number until the 17th century (Anne Sancier-Château , Une esthétique nouvelle: Honoré d'Urfé, correcteur de l'Astrée, p. 179). The French Academy would eventually declare it not to be declined in 1679.
2 The gerund was held to be invariable by grammarians of the early 17th century, and was usable with preposition en, as in Modern French, although the preposition was not mandatory (Anne Sancier-Château , op. cit., p. 180).

Descendants

  • French: houer

References

  • houer on Dictionnaire du Moyen Français (1330–1500) (in French)
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